Kentucky’s HB 60 takes an aggressive stance by creating felony-level criminal liability for geoengineering activities with mandatory $500,000-per-day civil penalties, while explicitly including federal agencies and international bodies within its enforcement scope—setting up potential constitutional confrontation over federal preemption.
Remained in Judiciary (H) committee
SB 25 is the Senate companion to HB 60, with identical text establishing felony-level geoengineering prohibition with $500,000-per-day penalties—parallel introduction in both chambers on the session’s opening days signals coordinated legislative effort to advance this measure.
Remained in Committee on Committees (S)
Kentucky's fourth attempt at geoengineering legislation strips away the elaborate administrative framework of the 2024 bills in favour of a straightforward criminal statute empowering any peace officer to make arrests, while retaining the same $500,000-per-day civil penalty that has characterised Kentucky's aggressive approach to this issue.
2025 session adjourned 28th March 2025, remained in Judiciary Committee
Kentucky's 2025 geoengineering push features identical companion bills in both chambers, with SB 62's unusual routing to the Appropriations and Revenue Committee rather than Judiciary suggesting the Senate may be focusing on the bill's $500,000 civil penalty structure rather than its criminal provisions.
2025 session adjourned 28th March 2025, remained in Appropriations & Revenue committee
Kentucky's HB 506 represents the most aggressive geoengineering prohibition attempted in the 2024 legislative cycle, combining felony criminal penalties with a $500,000 minimum daily civil penalty, mandatory citizen reporting requirements, and provisions purporting to prohibit federal and international atmospheric activities over the state.
Remained in Commitee on Commitees
Kentucky's SB 217 is a word-for-word Senate duplicate of HB 506, representing a coordinated bicameral push for the state's most aggressive geoengineering prohibition and, notably, the only version to advance beyond the procedural gateway committee during the 2024 session.
Remained in Natural Resources & Energy committee
Kentucky's HB 552 represents the minimalist approach to geoengineering legislation: a single-page bill that prohibits government involvement in atmospheric modification activities but lacks any penalties, enforcement mechanisms, or restrictions on private actors.
Remained in Committee on Committees