Bills Live in the Current Session
| Bill # | Details | Effective | Status | |
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Alabama (2026 Regular Session)
Session start Tue 13 Jan 2026
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| HB25 | Air pollution; dispersion of items intended to affect weather prohibited; pollution reduction fund created; environmental management department required to administer | 1 Oct 2026 | Introduced | |
| Alabama's approach combines a prohibition on weather modification with the creation of an environmental fund, directing all criminal fines into a dedicated air pollution control fund and establishing multiple citizen reporting channels for violations. |
Last update Tue 13 Jan 2026 |
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Arizona (2026 Regular Session)
Session start Mon 12 Jan 2026
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| HB2042 | Solar radiation management; prohibition; enforcement | Prefiled | ||
| Arizona HB 2042 prohibits solar radiation management activities and establishes a citizen complaint system requiring the Attorney General to investigate "credible" allegations, with enforcement limited to civil injunctive relief rather than criminal penalties or monetary fines—a notably restrained approach compared to other states' weather modification legislation. |
Last update Thu 11 Dec 2025 |
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Georgia (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session start Mon 12 Jan 2026
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| HR513 | Congress; investigate dispersion of chemicals into the sky by aircraft; encourage | Introduced | ||
| Rather than prohibiting geoengineering activities directly, Georgia takes a diplomatic approach by requesting a federal congressional investigation into chemical dispersion impacts on state environmental quality. |
Last update Tue 11 Mar 2025 |
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Illinois (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session start Wed 14 Jan 2026
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| SB1426 | WEATHER MODIFICATION-SEEDING | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Illinois opts for the most straightforward possible approach to weather modification regulation: a complete prohibition with no accompanying enforcement provisions, penalties, or an administrative framework. |
Last update Thu 13 Mar 2025 |
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Iowa (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session start Mon 12 Jan 2026
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| SF142 | A bill for an act relating to the prohibition of geoengineering activities, providing penalties, and including effective date provisions. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Iowa's approach combines expansive definitions covering electromagnetic fields, sound pollution, and radiation with Class D felony penalties, cease-and-desist authority for the Department of Public Safety, and provisions explicitly challenging federal authority by empowering state officials to order the cessation of federal programs. |
Last update Mon 3 Feb 2025 |
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| HF927 | A bill for an act relating to the intentional emission of air contaminants into the atmosphere.(Formerly HF 191.) | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Iowa establishes a geoengineering prohibition through a regulatory framework rather than direct criminal penalties, delegating implementation details entirely to the Environmental Protection Commission's emergency rulemaking authority. |
Last update Thu 3 Apr 2025 |
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Michigan (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session Adjourn Wed 31 Dec 2025
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| HB4304 | Environmental protection: air pollution; dispersion of substances or objects into atmosphere; prohibit for purposes of affecting weather. Amends 1994 PA 451 (MCL 324.101 - 324.90106) by adding sec. 5514b. | Introduced | ||
| Michigan opts for statutory simplicity by adding a single-sentence prohibition to existing environmental law with no specified penalties, enforcement mechanisms, or implementation framework. |
Last update Thu 27 Mar 2025 |
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Minnesota (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session start Tue 17 Feb 2026
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| SF2462 | Prior law prohibiting weather modification reenactment | Introduced | ||
| Minnesota's SF 2462 prohibits all weather modification activities and asserts the state's sovereign claim over its airspace, treating each day of violation as a separate misdemeanour offence. Notably described as "reenacting prior law," this suggests Minnesota is reviving a previously repealed or expired weather modification ban. |
Last update Thu 13 Mar 2025 |
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| HF2310 | Prior law prohibiting weather modification reenacted, and criminal penalties provided. | Introduced | ||
| Minnesota’s HF 2310 prohibits all weather modification activities and asserts the state’s sovereign claim over its airspace, treating each day of violation as a separate misdemeanor offense. Notably described as “reenacting prior law,” this suggests Minnesota is reviving a previously repealed or expired weather modification ban. |
Last update Thu 13 Mar 2025 |
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Missouri (2026 Regular Session)
Session start Wed 7 Jan 2026
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| SB1368 | Creates provisions relating to weather modification | 28 Aug 2026 | Prefiled | |
| Senate Bill 1368 bans weather modification in Missouri with Class E felony penalties and up to $200,000 in civil fines, while requiring monthly airport reporting of weather modification-equipped aircraft starting January 1, 2027, and prohibiting state funding to airports that harbor such aircraft. |
Last update Mon 1 Dec 2025 |
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| SB860 | Creates provisions relating to weather modification | 28 Aug 2026 | Prefiled | |
| Senate Bill 860 bans weather modification in Missouri while requiring any entity deploying atmospheric chemicals to disclose contents to state authorities and post a $25 million bond, with violations subject to civil litigation including damages, injunctions, and attorney's fees. |
Last update Mon 1 Dec 2025 |
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| HB2388 | Creates the "Clear Skies Act" prohibiting geoengineering, cloud seeding and other atmospheric interventions, and authorizing DNR to investigate violations, and includes penalty provisions | 28 Aug 2026 | Prefiled | |
| Missouri's "Clean Skies Act" (HB 2388) bans all geoengineering, weather modification, and cloud seeding activities in the state, imposing felony charges with minimum $100,000 fines and up to two years imprisonment for violations, with each day of continued activity constituting a separate criminal offense. |
Last update Fri 12 Dec 2025 |
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| HB2389 | Makes it unlawful to use weather modifications and authorizes DNR to bring a civil action for violations relating to weather modification | 28 Aug 2026 | Prefiled | |
| Missouri House Bill 2389 bans all weather modification activities in the state—including cloud seeding and dispersing atmospheric agents—while allowing citizens to report violations and empowering the Department of Natural Resources to investigate and pursue civil penalties against violators. |
Last update Fri 12 Dec 2025 |
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New Hampshire (2026 Regular Session)
Session start Wed 7 Jan 2026
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| HB1128 | Restricting the use of weather modification technologies to declared emergencies. | Introduced | ||
| Rather than prohibiting weather modification outright, New Hampshire's HB 1128 takes a permissive, emergency-only approach, allowing cloud seeding during declared catastrophic droughts, subject to environmental review and extensive public disclosure of chemicals and impacts—a regulatory framework that contrasts with the complete bans pursued in other states. |
Last update Mon 1 Dec 2025 |
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| HR35 | Urging the prohibition of the intentional release of polluting emissions, including cloud seeding and weather modification, to preserve the atmosphere of New Hampshire. | Introduced | ||
| New Hampshire's House urges the prohibition of atmospheric geoengineering through a formal resolution requiring the state environmental agency to notify 27 federal entities of the policy. However, the measure creates no enforceable penalties or regulatory framework—representing legislative intent rather than binding law. |
Last update Mon 1 Dec 2025 |
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| HB1618 | Prohibiting solar radiation modification, weather modification, and other polluting atmospheric interventions. | Introduced | ||
| New Hampshire's HB1618 creates an aggressive enforcement regime against atmospheric interventions involving pollutants, establishing a citizen deputy system where county sheriffs must deputise volunteers to help enforce felony prohibitions carrying minimum $500,000 fines, while simultaneously empowering the Air National Guard to interdict aircraft and imposing strict electromagnetic radiation limits on communications facilities—making artificial intelligence entities themselves subject to criminal prosecution. |
Last update Wed 10 Dec 2025 |
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New York (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session start Wed 7 Jan 2026
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| A05476 | Prohibits the intentional injection, release or dispersion, by any means, of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances or apparatus within the borders of this state into the atmosphere with the express purpose of affecting temperature, weather or the intensity of sunlight. | Introduced | ||
| New York's A.5476 takes a minimalist approach to geoengineering prohibition, establishing a ban on intentional atmospheric releases designed to affect temperature, weather, or sunlight intensity but providing no enforcement mechanism whatsoever—not even a penalty structure for violations. |
Last update Tue 13 May 2025 |
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| S08529 | Prohibits the intentional injection, release or dispersion, by any means, of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances or apparatus within the borders of this state into the atmosphere with the express purpose of affecting temperature, weather or the intensity of sunlight; provides the department will establish a reporting process for violations; provides penalties for such violations. | Introduced | ||
| New York's S.8529-A goes far beyond simple prohibition by establishing a dual surveillance system requiring mandatory monthly aircraft monitoring by all public infrastructure operators and a citizen reporting portal, backed by class E felony charges that expose corporate officers to up to 5 years' imprisonment. |
Last update Mon 8 Dec 2025 |
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North Carolina (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session Adjourn Wed 31 Dec 2025
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| H362 | Clean Skies Geoengineering Ban | Immediately | Introduced | |
| North Carolina's H 362 prohibits atmospheric modification using language nearly identical to companion bill S 485, but with a critical difference: the House version uses "intentional or sole purpose" rather than "intentional and sole purpose," creating a broader prohibition that could capture activities where atmospheric modification is one of multiple objectives rather than requiring it to be the exclusive aim. |
Last update Wed 12 Mar 2025 |
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| S485 | Prohibit Geoengineering | Immediately | Introduced | |
| North Carolina's S 485 prohibits atmospheric modification, including stratospheric aerosol injection, cloud seeding, and electromagnetic radio frequency emissions, by amending the state's Air Pollution Control statute, while notably carving out licensed agricultural pesticide application and delegating rule development for enforcement to the Environmental Management Commission without specifying dedicated penalties. |
Last update Wed 26 Mar 2025 |
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Ohio (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session Adjourn Wed 31 Dec 2025
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| HB290 | Enact the Atmosphere Protection Act | Introduced | ||
| Ohio's "Atmosphere Protection Act" imposes some of the harshest penalties in state weather modification legislation—a mandatory 3-year prison term and a minimum $500,000 fine under strict liability, meaning prosecutors need not prove intent. The Legislative Service Commission's own analysis notes uncertainty about what the undefined term "sunlight reflection methods" actually prohibits. |
Last update Wed 21 May 2025 |
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| HB272 | Regards food dyes, PFAS, fluoride, and certain substance releases | Introduced | ||
| Ohio's HB 272 buries a straightforward prohibition on weather modification within an omnibus consumer protection bill covering PFAS chemicals, food dyes, and water fluoridation. The atmospheric release provision is notably modest compared to Ohio's other pending weather modification bill (HB 290), imposing misdemeanour penalties rather than felony charges, suggesting different legislative philosophies on enforcement severity even within the same chamber. |
Last update Wed 14 May 2025 |
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Oklahoma (2026 Regular Session)
Session start Mon 2 Feb 2026
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| SB1021 | Environment and natural resources; prohibiting certain actions relating to weather modification; providing for investigation. Effective date. | Introduced | ||
| Oklahoma's SB1021 would authorise the Air National Guard to intercept aircraft suspected of weather modification activities and escort them to airports for investigation, while simultaneously repealing the state's existing weather modification licensing program that has regulated cloud seeding operations for decades. |
Last update Mon 10 Mar 2025 |
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| SB430 | Environment; prohibiting intentional injection, release, or dispersion of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances, or apparatus in this state; repealing the Oklahoma Weather Modification Act. Effective date. | Introduced | ||
| Oklahoma's SB430 is a companion bill to SB1021, using the same prohibition language but taking a conventional criminal penalty approach with misdemeanour charges and a $10,000 fine, rather than SB1021's Air National Guard interdiction authority. |
Last update Mon 10 Mar 2025 |
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Pennsylvania (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session Adjourn Wed 31 Dec 2025
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| SB508 | Prohibiting solar radiation modification or sunlight reflection methods, cloud seeding and polluting atmospheric interventions within this Commonwealth; imposing duties on the Pennsylvania State Police and sheriffs; and imposing penalties. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Pennsylvania's Clean Air Preservation Act creates a sweeping felony prohibition on atmospheric interventions, including solar geoengineering experiments like stratospheric aerosol injection and marine cloud brightening, with the unique feature of listing artificial intelligence as a criminal entity subject to minimum penalties of $500,000 and two years imprisonment per day of violation, enforceable by sheriffs and State Police against any entit,y including federal agencies. |
Last update Fri 21 Mar 2025 |
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| HB1167 | Prohibiting solar radiation modification or sunlight reflection methods, cloud seeding and polluting atmospheric interventions within this Commonwealth; imposing duties on the Pennsylvania State Police and sheriffs; and imposing penalties. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Pennsylvania's Clean Air Preservation Act creates a sweeping felony prohibition on atmospheric interventions, including solar geoengineering experiments like stratospheric aerosol injection and marine cloud brightening, with the unique feature of listing artificial intelligence as a criminal entity subject to minimum penalties of $500,000 and two years imprisonment per day of violation, enforceable by sheriffs and State Police against any entity including federal agencies. |
Last update Mon 7 Apr 2025 |
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South Carolina (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session start Tue 13 Jan 2026
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| H3083 | Air Quality | Immediately | Introduced | |
| South Carolina's H. 3083 takes a minimalist approach to weather modification prohibition, adding a simple ban on intentional atmospheric emissions for climate purposes without specifying penalties, enforcement mechanisms, or exemptions—leaving implementation entirely to existing air quality regulations. |
Last update Tue 14 Jan 2025 |
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| S0110 | Air Quality | Immediately | Introduced | |
| South Carolina's S. 110 is the Senate companion to the minimalist House approach, creating a bare-bones weather modification prohibition without penalties or exemptions—but its referral to the Medical Affairs Committee rather than environmental or agriculture committees signals a unique legislative focus on public health impacts. |
Last update Tue 14 Jan 2025 |
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| H3915 | South Carolina Clean Air Act | Immediately | Introduced | |
| South Carolina's H. 3915 establishes a mid-tier enforcement approach to weather modification, combining federal-level felony penalties with whistleblower protections for citizens suing the government, while notably omitting the more aggressive airport employee prosecution and bounty provisions found in companion bill H. 4624. |
Last update Tue 25 Feb 2025 |
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| H4010 | South Carolina Clean Air Act | Immediately | Introduced | |
| South Carolina's H. 4010 represents the most agriculture-friendly version of the state's weather modification bills, explicitly exempting both cloud seeding and crop dusting operations while notably omitting any criminal penalties or enforcement mechanisms for violations—essentially creating a prohibition without teeth. |
Last update Thu 13 Feb 2025 |
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| H4624 | South Carolina Clean Air Act | Immediately | Prefiled | |
| South Carolina's bill establishes the nation's most aggressive enforcement regime against weather modification activities, featuring life imprisonment for third-time offenders and an unprecedented private citizen lawsuit provision that awards damages without requiring proof of harm—creating a de facto bounty system against stratospheric aerosol injection operations. |
Last update Tue 16 Dec 2025 |
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Tennessee (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session start Tue 13 Jan 2026
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| SB0723 | AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47, Chapter 18 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. | 1 Jul 2025 | Introduced | |
| Tennessee's bill takes an unusual enforcement approach by routing weather modification violations through consumer protection law rather than creating direct criminal prohibitions, treating cloud seeding as essentially a form of commercial fraud. The narrow application only to "weather-related companies" makes a significant gap—the same activities would remain legal if conducted by entities outside this defined category. |
Last update Fri 7 Mar 2025 |
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| HB0899 | AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47, Chapter 18 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. | 1 Jul 2025 | Introduced | |
| Tennessee's bill takes an unusual enforcement approach by routing weather modification violations through consumer protection law rather than creating direct criminal prohibitions, treating cloud seeding as essentially a form of commercial fraud. The narrow application only to "weather-related companies" makes a significant gap—the same activities would remain legal if conducted by entities outside this defined category. |
Last update Fri 14 Feb 2025 |
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| HB1112 | AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 58, Chapter 2 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. | 1 Jul 2025 | Engrossed | |
| Tennessee's HB 1112 creates one of the more aggressive enforcement frameworks among state weather modification bills, combining criminal misdemeanour charges with a substantial $100,000-per-violation administrative fine and extending liability up the supply chain to anyone providing materials with knowledge of their intended use. The bill has already passed the House 69-21 and crossed over to the Senate. |
Last update Wed 26 Mar 2025 |
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US Congress (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session Adjourn Wed 31 Dec 2025
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| HB4403 | Clear Skies Act | Introduced | ||
| The federal "Clear Skies Act" (H.R. 4403) bans all weather modification activities nationwide with criminal penalties up to 5 years imprisonment and $100,000 fines per violation, while repealing all existing federal authorities that permit such activities and establishing a public EPA reporting system for suspected violations. |
Last update Tue 15 Jul 2025 |
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Utah (2026 Regular Session)
Session start Tue 20 Jan 2026
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| SB0023 | Airborne Chemicals Amendments | Prefiled | ||
| Utah's SB0023 takes a narrower approach than many state geoengineering bills, focusing solely on aircraft-based solar geoengineering while explicitly preserving the state's existing weather modification program. The bill creates a tiered reporting chain from airport operators through the Department of Transportation to the Attorney General. |
Last update Fri 5 Dec 2025 |
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Vermont (2025-2026 Regular Session)
Session start Tue 6 Jan 2026
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| H0217 | An act relating to prohibiting geoengineering | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Vermont's H.217 combines a standard geoengineering ban with an unusual RF radiation compliance regime for communications facilities and mandatory citizen deputization by sheriffs for enforcement. The bill explicitly makes artificial intelligence subject to both its prohibitions and criminal penalties. |
Last update Thu 13 Feb 2025 |
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Wyoming (2026 Regular Session)
Session start Mon 9 Feb 2026
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| HJ0001 | Prohibiting unauthorized atmospheric geoengineering. | Prefiled | ||
| Wyoming's Legislature is requesting Congressional action to prohibit unauthorised atmospheric geoengineering over the state, citing concerns that federal agencies and military contractors are dispersing chemicals such as aluminium oxide, barium, and stratospheric sulphates without public knowledge, while explicitly preserving Wyoming's existing ground-based cloud seeding operations. |
Last update Mon 1 Dec 2025 |
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| HB0012 | Clean Air and Geoengineering Prohibition Act. | Immediately | Prefiled | |
| Wyoming's comprehensive geoengineering ban creates felony penalties of up to 5 years' imprisonment and $500,000+ fines for atmospheric interventions, while explicitly preserving the state's existing cloud seeding permit system and uniquely tasks the Department of Environmental Quality with monitoring all aircraft, space-based platforms, and ground facilities for prohibited atmospheric contaminant dispersal. |
Last update Fri 5 Dec 2025 |
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| Introduced |
| In recess |
| Passed One Chamber |
| Passed Both Chambers |
| Enacted |
| Failed |
| Geoengineering | |
| Cloud Seeding | |
| Pollution | |
| Weather | |
| Unknown |