GeoLawWatch: Tracking Weather & Climate Legislation

Tracking weather modification, cloud seeding, and geoengineering bills in real time across the US.

Bills Live in the Current Session

Bill # Details Effective Status
Alabama (2026 Regular Session) Session start Tue 13 Jan 2026
HB25 Air pollution; dispersion of items intended to affect weather prohibited; pollution reduction fund created; environmental management department required to administer 1 Oct 2026 Introduced
⚖ The legislation makes it a Class B misdemeanour to disperse substances intended to affect the weather or climate, punishable by a fine of up to $100,000. It also requires the Department of Environmental Management to collect the penalties and place them into a new Alabama Air Pollution Control Fund.   Last update
Tue 13 Jan 2026
  Note: Session resumes 13th January 2026  
Arizona (2026 Regular Session) Session start Mon 12 Jan 2026
HB2042 Solar radiation management; prohibition; enforcement Prefiled
Arizona HB 2042 prohibits solar radiation management activities and establishes a citizen complaint system requiring the Attorney General to investigate "credible" allegations, with enforcement limited to civil injunctive relief rather than criminal penalties or monetary fines—a notably restrained approach compared to other states' weather modification legislation. Last update
Thu 11 Dec 2025
Georgia (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session start Mon 12 Jan 2026
HR513 Congress; investigate dispersion of chemicals into the sky by aircraft; encourage Introduced
⚖ Rather than a criminal ban, this resolution formally encourages the United States Congress to investigate the dispersion of chemicals into the sky to understand the effects of such activities on the state's air, soil, and water quality. Last update
Tue 11 Mar 2025
  Note: Session resumes 12th January 2026  
Illinois (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session start Wed 14 Jan 2026
SB1426 WEATHER MODIFICATION-SEEDING Immediately Introduced
⚖ This legislation creates the Weather Modification Act to enact a sweeping ban on all forms of weather modification in the state, specifically defining the prohibited conduct to include the seeding of clouds by plane or ground,. Last update
Thu 13 Mar 2025
  Note: Session resumes 14th January 2026  
Iowa (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session start Mon 12 Jan 2026
SF142 A bill for an act relating to the prohibition of geoengineering activities, providing penalties, and including effective date provisions. Introduced
⚖ This bill classifies "polluting atmospheric activity" and weather engineering as a Class D felony and authorises the Department of Public Safety to issue cease and desist orders, with a notable provision allowing the department to refer potential violations to the Iowa Air National Guard Last update
Mon 3 Feb 2025
  Note: Session resumes 12th January 2026  
HF927 A bill for an act relating to the intentional emission of air contaminants into the atmosphere.(Formerly HF 191.) Introduced
⚖ This legislation mandates that the Environmental Protection Commission adopt rules, potentially on an emergency basis, to strictly prohibit the intentional emission of air contaminants aimed at affecting temperature, weather, or sunlight intensity,. Last update
Thu 3 Apr 2025
  Note: Session resumes 12th January 2026  
Michigan (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session Adjourn Wed 31 Dec 2025
HB4304 Environmental protection: air pollution; dispersion of substances or objects into atmosphere; prohibit for purposes of affecting weather. Amends 1994 PA 451 (MCL 324.101 - 324.90106) by adding sec. 5514b. Introduced
⚖ This bill amends the Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act to strictly prohibit the intentional injection or dispersion of chemicals or apparatus into the atmosphere for the purpose of affecting weather or sunlight intensity. Last update
Thu 27 Mar 2025
  Note: (5 Aug 2025): After referral to House Regulatory Reform, this bill has skipped seven consecutive committee meetings and still has not appeared on the agenda, leaving it stalled.  
Minnesota (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session start Tue 17 Feb 2026
SF2462 Prior law prohibiting weather modification reenactment Introduced
Minnesota's SF 2462 prohibits all weather modification activities and asserts the state's sovereign claim over its airspace, treating each day of violation as a separate misdemeanour offence. Notably described as "reenacting prior law," this suggests Minnesota is reviving a previously repealed or expired weather modification ban. Last update
Thu 13 Mar 2025
HF2310 Prior law prohibiting weather modification reenacted, and criminal penalties provided. Introduced
Minnesota’s HF 2310 prohibits all weather modification activities and asserts the state’s sovereign claim over its airspace, treating each day of violation as a separate misdemeanor offense. Notably described as “reenacting prior law,” this suggests Minnesota is reviving a previously repealed or expired weather modification ban. Last update
Thu 13 Mar 2025
Missouri (2026 Regular Session) Session start Wed 7 Jan 2026
SB1368 Creates provisions relating to weather modification Prefiled
Senate Bill 1368 bans weather modification in Missouri with Class E felony penalties and up to $200,000 in civil fines, while requiring monthly airport reporting of weather modification-equipped aircraft starting January 1, 2027, and prohibiting state funding to airports that harbor such aircraft. Last update
Mon 1 Dec 2025
SB860 Creates provisions relating to weather modification Prefiled
Senate Bill 860 bans weather modification in Missouri while requiring any entity deploying atmospheric chemicals to disclose contents to state authorities and post a $25 million bond, with violations subject to civil litigation including damages, injunctions, and attorney's fees. Last update
Mon 1 Dec 2025
HB2388 Creates the "Clear Skies Act" prohibiting geoengineering, cloud seeding and other atmospheric interventions, and authorizing DNR to investigate violations, and includes penalty provisions Prefiled
Missouri's "Clean Skies Act" (HB 2388) bans all geoengineering, weather modification, and cloud seeding activities in the state, imposing felony charges with minimum $100,000 fines and up to two years imprisonment for violations, with each day of continued activity constituting a separate criminal offense. Last update
Fri 12 Dec 2025
HB2389 Makes it unlawful to use weather modifications and authorizes DNR to bring a civil action for violations relating to weather modification Prefiled
Missouri House Bill 2389 bans all weather modification activities in the state—including cloud seeding and dispersing atmospheric agents—while allowing citizens to report violations and empowering the Department of Natural Resources to investigate and pursue civil penalties against violators. Last update
Fri 12 Dec 2025
New Hampshire (2026 Regular Session) Session start Wed 7 Jan 2026
HB1128 Restricting the use of weather modification technologies to declared emergencies. Introduced
⚖ Rather than a total ban, this legislation restricts cloud seeding exclusively to instances where the governor declares a state of emergency due to catastrophic drought, contingent upon a mandatory 14-day environmental review and public notification Last update
Mon 1 Dec 2025
HR35 Urging the prohibition of the intentional release of polluting emissions, including cloud seeding and weather modification, to preserve the atmosphere of New Hampshire. Introduced
⚖ This resolution urges a prohibition on geoengineering and requires the Department of Environmental Services to send certified letters to over twenty federal entities—including NASA and the Department of Defense—notifying them of this policy,,. Last update
Mon 1 Dec 2025
HB1618 Prohibiting solar radiation modification, weather modification, and other polluting atmospheric interventions. Introduced
House Bill 1618, titled "The Clean Air Preservation Act," is a New Hampshire bill that prohibits solar radiation modification, geoengineering, weather modification, and other polluting atmospheric interventions, including the intentional release of chemicals or excessive electromagnetic radiation, and mandates felony penalties for violations. Last update
Wed 10 Dec 2025
New York (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session start Wed 7 Jan 2026
A05476 Prohibits the intentional injection, release or dispersion, by any means, of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances or apparatus within the borders of this state into the atmosphere with the express purpose of affecting temperature, weather or the intensity of sunlight. Introduced
⚖ This bill amends the environmental conservation law to prohibit the intentional injection or dispersion of chemicals, compounds, or apparatus into the atmosphere for the express purpose of affecting temperature, weather, or sunlight intensity. Last update
Tue 13 May 2025
  Note: Session resumes 7th january 2026  
S08529 Prohibits the intentional injection, release or dispersion, by any means, of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances or apparatus within the borders of this state into the atmosphere with the express purpose of affecting temperature, weather or the intensity of sunlight; provides the department will establish a reporting process for violations; provides penalties for such violations. Introduced
⚖ New York's Bill S08529-A establishes a Class E Felony offense for the intentional release of chemicals to affect temperature, weather, or sunlight within the state, simultaneously creating mandatory infrastructure reporting and public reporting mechanisms for such prohibited geoengineering and weather modification activities. Last update
Mon 8 Dec 2025
  Note: Session resumes 7th january 2026  
North Carolina (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session Adjourn Wed 31 Dec 2025
H362 Clean Skies Geoengineering Ban Immediately Introduced
⚖ This legislation amends air quality laws to prohibit "atmospheric modification," a term defined to include stratospheric aerosol injection, cloud seeding, and notably electromagnetic radio frequency or microwave radiation emissions intended to alter weather or sunlight intensity,. Last update
Wed 12 Mar 2025
  Note: Session resumes 21st April 2026  
S485 Prohibit Geoengineering Immediately Introduced
⚖ This bill prohibits "atmospheric modification"—defined to include electromagnetic radio frequency emissions and cloud seeding—for the purpose of altering weather, while retaining an exemption for licensed pesticide applications,. Last update
Wed 26 Mar 2025
  Note: Session resumes 21st April 2026  
Ohio (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session Adjourn Wed 31 Dec 2025
HB290 Enact the Atmosphere Protection Act Introduced
⚖ This bill prohibits solar radiation modification and space-based reflectors as a strict liability offense, mandating a $500,000 minimum fine and a 36-month prison term for violators,,. Last update
Wed 21 May 2025
  Note: (8 June 2025): After its 21 May referral, the House Natural Resources Committee has not met again, so the bill is still waiting for its first hearing.  
HB272 Regards food dyes, PFAS, fluoride, and certain substance releases Introduced
⚖ Part of a broader act banning food dyes and PFAS, this bill classifies the intentional dispersion of chemicals to affect weather or sunlight as a fourth-degree misdemeanor with a mandatory $10,000 fine per violation,. Last update
Wed 14 May 2025
  Note: (8 June 2025) A fairly recently introduced bill, but has not made the agenda for two meetings so far  
Oklahoma (2026 Regular Session) Session start Mon 2 Feb 2026
SB1021 Environment and natural resources; prohibiting certain actions relating to weather modification; providing for investigation. Effective date. Introduced
⚖ This legislation bans intentional atmospheric releases for weather modification and notably authorizes the Governor to direct the Oklahoma Air National Guard to interdict, sample effluents from, and escort violating aircraft to the nearest airport,. Last update
Mon 10 Mar 2025
  Note: Note: 2025 session adjourned 30 May 2025, remains in Energy committee  
SB430 Environment; prohibiting intentional injection, release, or dispersion of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances, or apparatus in this state; repealing the Oklahoma Weather Modification Act. Effective date. Introduced
⚖ This bill repeals the Oklahoma Weather Modification Act and prohibits the intentional release of chemicals to affect weather as a first-degree misdemeanor punishable by a fine not exceeding $10,000,. Last update
Mon 10 Mar 2025
  Note: 2025 session adjourned 30 May 2025, remains in Energy committee  
Pennsylvania (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session Adjourn Wed 31 Dec 2025
SB508 Prohibiting solar radiation modification or sunlight reflection methods, cloud seeding and polluting atmospheric interventions within this Commonwealth; imposing duties on the Pennsylvania State Police and sheriffs; and imposing penalties. Immediately Introduced
⚖ This legislation prohibits polluting atmospheric interventions—defined to include acts by artificial intelligence—as a felony with a $500,000 minimum fine, authorizing State Police and sheriffs to refer violations to the Air National Guard,,. Last update
Fri 21 Mar 2025
  Note: Full year session: The bill has stalled in the Senate Agriculture & Rural Affairs Committee, having been omitted from the agenda for four consecutive meetings as of December 12, 2025.  
HB1167 Prohibiting solar radiation modification or sunlight reflection methods, cloud seeding and polluting atmospheric interventions within this Commonwealth; imposing duties on the Pennsylvania State Police and sheriffs; and imposing penalties. Immediately Introduced
⚖ This legislation prohibits cloud seeding and "polluting atmospheric interventions"—specifically defined to include acts by artificial intelligence—as a felony with a $500,000 minimum fine, authorizing the State Police to refer violations to the Air National Guard, Last update
Mon 7 Apr 2025
  Note: Full year session: The bill has stalled in the House Environmental & Natural Resource Protection Committee, having been omitted from the agenda for ten consecutive meetings as of December 12, 2025  
South Carolina (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session start Tue 13 Jan 2026
H3083 Air Quality Immediately Introduced
South Carolina's H. 3083 takes a minimalist approach to weather modification prohibition, adding a simple ban on intentional atmospheric emissions for climate purposes without specifying penalties, enforcement mechanisms, or exemptions—leaving implementation entirely to existing air quality regulations. Last update
Tue 14 Jan 2025
S0110 Air Quality Immediately Introduced
South Carolina's S. 110 is the Senate companion to the minimalist House approach, creating a bare-bones weather modification prohibition without penalties or exemptions—but its referral to the Medical Affairs Committee rather than environmental or agriculture committees signals a unique legislative focus on public health impacts. Last update
Tue 14 Jan 2025
H3915 South Carolina Clean Air Act Immediately Introduced
South Carolina's H. 3915 establishes a mid-tier enforcement approach to weather modification, combining federal-level felony penalties with whistleblower protections for citizens suing the government, while notably omitting the more aggressive airport employee prosecution and bounty provisions found in companion bill H. 4624. Last update
Tue 25 Feb 2025
H4010 South Carolina Clean Air Act Immediately Introduced
South Carolina's H. 4010 represents the most agriculture-friendly version of the state's weather modification bills, explicitly exempting both cloud seeding and crop dusting operations while notably omitting any criminal penalties or enforcement mechanisms for violations—essentially creating a prohibition without teeth. Last update
Thu 13 Feb 2025
H4624 South Carolina Clean Air Act Immediately Prefiled
South Carolina's bill establishes the nation's most aggressive enforcement regime against weather modification activities, featuring life imprisonment for third-time offenders and an unprecedented private citizen lawsuit provision that awards damages without requiring proof of harm—creating a de facto bounty system against stratospheric aerosol injection operations. Last update
Tue 16 Dec 2025
Tennessee (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session start Tue 13 Jan 2026
SB0723 AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47, Chapter 18 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. 1 Jul 2025 Introduced
⚖ This legislation makes it unlawful for "weather-related companies" to engage in cloud seeding or modify land surfaces with dyes, classifying such activities as unfair or deceptive acts punishable under the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act,. Last update
Fri 7 Mar 2025
  Note: Session resumes 13th January 2026  
HB0899 AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47, Chapter 18 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. 1 Jul 2025 Introduced
⚖ This legislation makes it unlawful for weather-related companies to engage in cloud seeding or modify land surfaces with dyes, classifying such activities as unfair or deceptive acts punishable under the Tennessee Consumer Protection Act,,. Last update
Fri 14 Feb 2025
  Note: Session resumes 13th January 2026  
HB1112 AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 58, Chapter 2 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. 1 Jul 2025 Engrossed
⚖ This bill prohibits intentional chemical releases for weather modification as a Class A misdemeanor with a $100,000 fine per violation, while notably extending criminal liability to anyone who supplies the materials knowing they will be used for such conduct,. Last update
Wed 26 Mar 2025
  Note: Sesion resumes 13th January 2026  
US Congress (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session Adjourn Wed 31 Dec 2025
HB4403 Clear Skies Act Introduced
The federal "Clear Skies Act" (H.R. 4403) bans all weather modification activities nationwide with criminal penalties up to 5 years imprisonment and $100,000 fines per violation, while repealing all existing federal authorities that permit such activities and establishing a public EPA reporting system for suspected violations. Last update
Tue 15 Jul 2025
Utah (2026 Regular Session) Session start Tue 20 Jan 2026
SB0023 Airborne Chemicals Amendments Prefiled
⚖ Building on previous efforts to ban 'solar geoengineering', this bill introduces a substantial $100,000 fine for violators and legally compels airport operators to report any suspected chemical releases to state authorities. Last update
Fri 5 Dec 2025
Vermont (2025-2026 Regular Session) Session start Tue 6 Jan 2026
H0217 An act relating to prohibiting geoengineering Immediately Introduced
⚖ This bill prohibits solar radiation modification as a felony and contains unique enforcement provisions requiring sheriffs to deputize citizens, referring activity to the State Guard, and mandating annual radiofrequency inspections of communications infrastructure to ensure signal strength limits are not exceeded,,. Last update
Thu 13 Feb 2025
  Note: Session resumes 6th January 2026  
Wyoming (2026 Regular Session) Session start Mon 9 Feb 2026
HJ0001 Prohibiting unauthorized atmospheric geoengineering. Prefiled
⚖ Asserting state sovereignty over Wyoming's skies, this resolution formally requests that Congress classify unauthorized solar radiation management as a felony while explicitly preserving the state's right to conduct cloud seeding operations,. Last update
Mon 1 Dec 2025
HB0012 Clean Air and Geoengineering Prohibition Act. Prefiled
⚖ Distinguishing between banned "smart dust" and protected cloud seeding, this bill classifies the release of atmospheric contaminants as a felony punishable by up to five years in prison and fines reaching $500,000 for repeat offenders Last update
Fri 5 Dec 2025
Introduced
In recess
Passed One Chamber
Passed Both Chambers
Enacted
Failed
Geoengineering
Cloud Seeding
Pollution
Weather
Unknown