Geoengineering Bills by Year
| Bill # | Details | Effective | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
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Alabama (2026 Regular Session)
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| HB25 | Air pollution; dispersion of items intended to affect weather prohibited; pollution reduction fund created; environmental management department required to administer | Sine die | ||
| Alabama's approach combines a prohibition on weather modification with the creation of an environmental fund, directing all criminal fines into a dedicated air pollution control fund and establishing multiple citizen reporting channels for violations. |
Last update Thu 12 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Passed House Committee on State Government - never had 3rd reading | ||||
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Arizona (2026 Regular Session)
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| SB1278 | Solar radiation management; prohibition; enforcement. | Sine die | ||
| Arizona's SB1278 takes a surgically narrow approach to atmospheric modification, banning only solar radiation management while leaving the state's existing cloud-seeding licensing system entirely untouched—a sharp strategic retreat from the same sponsor's sweeping 2025 geoengineering ban, which included felony charges, $500,000 fines, and electromagnetic radiation investigations. |
Last update Tue 3 Mar 2026 |
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| SB1279 | Weather modification; license; rules. | 24 Jul 2026 | Missed crossover | |
| Arizona's SB 1279 transforms the state's minimal weather modification oversight into a comprehensive dual-agency regulatory system requiring DEQ chemical approval, public meetings, mandatory insurance, an online tracking database modelled after NOAA's, and citizen enforcement through the Attorney General. |
Last update Tue 10 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: You said Although passed by caucus, the bill never received a third reading before the crossover deadline. | ||||
| HB2125 | Weather modification; license; rules | Died in committee | ||
| Arizona HB 2125 is not a geoengineering ban but a comprehensive modernisation of the state's existing cloud seeding regulatory framework, adding dual-agency environmental review, mandatory public meetings, a NOAA-style transparency database, and citizen enforcement through Attorney General petitions. |
Last update Tue 13 Jan 2026 |
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| Note: Failed to clear NREW committee deadline (20 Feb 2026) | ||||
| HB2042 | Solar radiation management; prohibition; enforcement | Vetoed | ||
| HB2042 is the House companion to SB1278, carrying identical language banning solar radiation management with civil enforcement through the Attorney General. With both chambers having now independently passed their respective versions, the narrowly focused SRM prohibition is closer to enactment than any of Arizona's prior geoengineering proposals. |
Last update Thu 12 Mar 2026 |
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| Note: Vetoed by Gov. Hobbs "Without the science or data to back up its claims" | ||||
| SB1098 | Climate; weather; modification; prohibition; penalties | Died in committee | ||
| Arizona's bill would abolish its existing weather modification permit program and criminalise geoengineering as a felony, with $100,000 in penalties per violation. Notably, the enforcement mechanism relies on a citizen complaint process rather than proactive state monitoring. |
Last update Wed 14 Jan 2026 |
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| Note: Failed to clear Natural Resources committee deadline (20 Feb 2026) | ||||
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Georgia (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| HR513 | Congress; investigate dispersion of chemicals into the sky by aircraft; encourage | Missed crossover | ||
| Rather than prohibiting geoengineering activities directly, Georgia takes a diplomatic approach by requesting a federal congressional investigation into chemical dispersion impacts on state environmental quality. |
Last update Tue 11 Mar 2025 |
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| Note: Never assigned a committee | ||||
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Idaho (2026 Regular Session)
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| HJM018 | States findings of the Legislature and requests federal action. | Sine die | ||
| Idaho HJM018 is a joint memorial — a formal request to Congress, not a law — that asks the federal government to ban solar geoengineering over Idaho and to make it a felony. It carries no legal force on its own, but signals where the Idaho Legislature stands on the issue. |
Last update Tue 17 Mar 2026 |
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| Note: House adopted, but remained in Senate Resources & Environment Committee | ||||
| H0977 | Amends existing law to revise provisions regarding cloud seeding. | 1 Jul 2026 | Sine die | |
| Idaho H0977 does not ban cloud seeding outright but strips the Water Resource Board of its authority to run programs unilaterally, requiring explicit legislative sign-off for any future activity and imposing felony-level penalties on anyone who proceeds without it. In an unusual move, the bill writes a 2024 federal audit's finding — that cloud seeding's effectiveness is statistically indistinguishable from zero — directly into state law as a legislative finding. |
Last update Wed 1 Apr 2026 |
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| Note: Never assigned a committee | ||||
| HJM015 | States findings of the Legislature and requests federal action. | Missed crossover | ||
| Idaho's HJM015 is a congressional petition, not a law — it creates no enforceable rules within the state but instead formally asks the federal government to criminalise geoengineering over Idaho's skies and require state consent before any atmospheric modification program can operate. Notably, the memorial invokes the Tenth Amendment as a constitutional basis for state sovereignty over airspace, and explicitly calls for felony-level federal criminal penalties for violations conducted without state approval. |
Last update Wed 18 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Missed crossover - Remained in Environment, Energy & Technology committee | ||||
| S1269 | Amends and adds to existing law to revise provisions regarding cloud seeding programs. | 1 Jul 2026 | ||
| Idaho S1269 adds transparency guardrails to the state's established cloud seeding program, requiring public meetings, annual environmental impact reports, and monthly operator reporting — while notably narrowing the program's existing absolute liability shield by allowing claims based on gross negligence or willful misconduct. |
Last update Fri 20 Mar 2026 |
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| Status: Bill is now with the governor for final signature. The deadline for a veto is Wednesday, March 25 2026 | ||||
| H0669 | Amends, repeals, and adds to existing law to revise provisions regarding cloud seeding activities. | Immediately | Missed crossover | |
| Idaho H0669 would shut down the state's entire cloud seeding program, which currently costs approximately $3 million annually, and make any weather modification activity a felony, carrying a five-year prison sentence and a $100,000 fine. Unlike many prohibition bills that simply ban geoengineering, this bill systematically strips cloud-seeding authority from multiple sections of Idaho water law and cites a 2024 GAO report questioning the effectiveness of cloud seeding as its factual basis. |
Last update Mon 16 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Never assigned an initial committee | ||||
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Illinois (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| SB1426 | WEATHER MODIFICATION-SEEDING | Superseded | ||
| Illinois opts for the most straightforward possible approach to weather modification regulation: a complete prohibition with no accompanying enforcement provisions, penalties, or an administrative framework. |
Last update Thu 13 Mar 2025 |
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| Note: Wording tweaked and reintroduced as SB2956 | ||||
| SB2956 | WEATHER MODIFICATION ACT | Sine die | ||
| Illinois SB2956 declares weather modification prohibited statewide but provides no enforcement mechanism, penalties, or regulatory framework—making it a purely symbolic prohibition that couldn't actually stop anyone from cloud seeding. |
Last update Tue 27 Jan 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in assignments | ||||
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Iowa (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| SF142 | A bill for an act relating to the prohibition of geoengineering activities, providing penalties, and including effective date provisions. | Missed funnel | ||
| Iowa's approach combines expansive definitions covering electromagnetic fields, sound pollution, and radiation with Class D felony penalties, cease-and-desist authority for the Department of Public Safety, and provisions explicitly challenging federal authority by empowering state officials to order the cessation of federal programs. |
Last update Mon 3 Feb 2025 |
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| Note: Missed report by date Judiciary subcommittee (20 Feb 2026) | ||||
| HF2173 | A bill for an act relating to the intentional emission of air contaminants into the atmosphere, including prohibitions and reporting requirements, and providing penalties.(See HF 2640.) | Superseded | ||
| Iowa's HF2173 goes beyond a simple geoengineering ban by establishing a statewide airport surveillance network requiring monthly reports on aircraft equipped for atmospheric dispersal, with felony penalties for violations and personal liability for corporate officers up to $100,000. |
Last update Mon 9 Mar 2026 |
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| Note: Committee report approving bill, renumbered as HF 2640 | ||||
| SSB3010 | A bill for an act relating to the prohibition of geoengineering activities, providing penalties, and including effective date provisions.(See SF 2208.) | Immediately | Superseded | |
| Iowa's bill takes the unusual approach of making Department of Public Safety cease-and-desist orders carry immediate court-order weight based solely on suspicion, while defining prohibited atmospheric activities broadly enough to include electromagnetic fields, sound waves, and light pollution when weather manipulation is intended. |
Last update Wed 4 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Replaced by bill SF2208 (2025-2026) | ||||
| HF927 | A bill for an act relating to the intentional emission of air contaminants into the atmosphere.(Formerly HF 191.) | Missed funnel | ||
| Iowa establishes a geoengineering prohibition through a regulatory framework rather than direct criminal penalties, delegating implementation details entirely to the Environmental Protection Commission's emergency rulemaking authority. |
Last update Thu 3 Apr 2025 |
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| Note: Missed Environmental Protection Committee report date (19 Feb 2026) | ||||
| SF2208 | A bill for an act relating to the prohibition of geoengineering activities, providing penalties, and including effective date provisions.(Formerly SSB 3010.) | Missed 2nd Funnel | ||
| Iowa's bill takes the unusual approach of making Department of Public Safety cease-and-desist orders carry immediate court-order weight based solely on suspicion, while defining prohibited atmospheric activities broadly enough to include electromagnetic fields, sound waves, and light pollution when weather manipulation is intended. |
Last update Mon 16 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Technology Committee - missed 2nd funnel | ||||
| HF2640 | A bill for an act prohibiting the intentional emission of air contaminants into the atmosphere, and providing penalties. (Formerly HF 2173.) | Missed 2nd funnel | ||
| Iowa's bill takes a pure criminal-law approach to geoengineering prohibition, placing it in the criminal code as a class D felony with per-day offence stacking. An amendment stripped the bill's original airport surveillance apparatus while adding a carve-out for agricultural aerial applicators. |
Last update Wed 18 Mar 2026 |
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| Note: Passed house, remained in Senate Judiciary committee | ||||
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Kansas (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| SB449 | Enacting the clean air preservation act to prohibit solar radiation modification, geoengineering, weather modification, cloud seeding and other polluting atmospheric experiments or interventions and creating a crime for violation thereof. | Sine die | ||
| Kansas SB 449 goes beyond standard geoengineering prohibitions by authorising the Air National Guard to intercept violating aircraft and by making artificial intelligence systems criminally liable. The bill also includes unusual limits on radiofrequency signal strength for communications facilities and completely dismantles the state's 50-year-old weather modification regulatory framework. |
Last update Tue 3 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in initial Committee on Federal and State Affairs | ||||
| HB2439 | Enacting the Kansas geoengineering and weather modification prohibition act, prohibiting geoengieering and weather modification activities, providing criminal penalties for violations of the act and assigning enforcement and reporting authority to the department of health and environment. | Sine dir | ||
| Kansas HB 2439 would impose felony charges and fines up to $100,000 for geoengineering activities while creating a unique airport surveillance network, requiring all public-use airports to file monthly reports on aircraft equipped with potential weather-modification equipment or risk losing state funding. |
Last update Wed 14 Jan 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in initial Committee on Federal and State Affairs | ||||
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Kentucky (2026 Regular Session)
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| HB60 | AN ACT relating to geoengineering. | Sine die | ||
| Kentucky’s HB 60 takes an aggressive stance by creating felony-level criminal liability for geoengineering activities with mandatory $500,000-per-day civil penalties, while explicitly including federal agencies and international bodies within its enforcement scope—setting up potential constitutional confrontation over federal preemption. |
Last update Mon 9 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Judiciary (H) committee | ||||
| SB25 | AN ACT relating to geoengineering. | Sine die | ||
| SB 25 is the Senate companion to HB 60, with identical text establishing felony-level geoengineering prohibition with $500,000-per-day penalties—parallel introduction in both chambers on the session’s opening days signals coordinated legislative effort to advance this measure. |
Last update Tue 6 Jan 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Committee on Committees (S) | ||||
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Louisiana (2026 Regular Session)
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| SB189 | Prohibits the intentional release or dispersion, by burning of fuel, of chemicals into the environment of this state with the express purpose of affecting temperature. (8/1/26) | Passed | ||
| Senator Fesi returns to amend the atmospheric modification ban he authored just last year, adding seven words – “including by the burning of fuel in an aircraft engine” – to a prohibition that already covers dispersal “by any means,” making this less a legal expansion than a pointed declaration about what his law was always meant to cover. |
Last update Mon 1 Jun 2026 |
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| Note: Became Act No. 601 without the Governor's signature. | ||||
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Maryland (2026 Regular Session)
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| SB911 | Environment - Weather Engineering - Prohibition | 1 Oct 2026 | Missed crossover | |
| Prohibiting a person from injecting, releasing, or dispersing a chemical compound, substance, or apparatus into the atmosphere within the State for the purpose of affecting the temperature, weather, climate, or intensity of the sunlight; and requiring the Department of the Environment, in consultation with the Maryland Department of Emergency Management, to establish a method for evaluating a report of weather engineering activity and investigate any report that the Department of the Environment deems in need of further review. |
Last update Tue 10 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Education, Energy, and the Environment Committee | ||||
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Michigan (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| HB4304 | Environmental protection: air pollution; dispersion of substances or objects into atmosphere; prohibit for purposes of affecting weather. Amends 1994 PA 451 (MCL 324.101 - 324.90106) by adding sec. 5514b. | 31 Mar 2027 | Introduced | |
| Michigan opts for statutory simplicity by adding a single-sentence prohibition to existing environmental law with no specified penalties, enforcement mechanisms, or implementation framework. |
Last update Thu 27 Mar 2025 |
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| Status: Committee On Regulatory Reform (since 26 Mar 2025) Unmoved for over a year - unlikely to ever see progress before the session closes at the end of the year. | ||||
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Minnesota (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| SF2462 | Prior law prohibiting weather modification reenactment | 1 Aug 2026 | Sine die | |
| Minnesota's SF 2462 prohibits all weather modification activities and asserts the state's sovereign claim over its airspace, treating each day of violation as a separate misdemeanour offence. Notably described as "reenacting prior law," this suggests Minnesota is reviving a previously repealed or expired weather modification ban. |
Last update Thu 13 Mar 2025 |
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| Note: Remained in Environment, Climate, and Legacy committee | ||||
| HF2310 | Prior law prohibiting weather modification reenacted, and criminal penalties provided. | 1 Aug 2026 | Introduced | |
| Minnesota’s HF 2310 prohibits all weather modification activities and asserts the state’s sovereign claim over its airspace, treating each day of violation as a separate misdemeanor offense. Notably described as “reenacting prior law,” this suggests Minnesota is reviving a previously repealed or expired weather modification ban. |
Last update Thu 13 Mar 2025 |
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| Note: Remained in Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy committee | ||||
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Mississippi (2026 Regular Session)
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| SB2418 | Environmental protection; prohibit geoengineering. | 1 Jul 2026 | Died On Calendar | |
| Mississippi's bill takes the regulatory integration approach, embedding a prohibition on geoengineering within the state's existing Air and Water Pollution Control Law and delegating rulemaking authority to the environmental commission, rather than creating standalone prohibition language. The minimum penalties—$500,000 fine and two years imprisonment per day of violation—rank among the most severe proposed in any state. |
Last update Thu 12 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Environment Prot, Cons and Water Resources subcommittee recommended pass, but never made full committee | ||||
| SB2666 | Environmental protection; prohibit chemtrails. | Died In Committee | ||
| Mississippi's SB 2666 embeds a geoengineering prohibition directly into the state's existing pollution control framework, giving the Commission on Environmental Quality explicit regulatory authority rather than creating a standalone enforcement mechanism. The $500,000 minimum fine and mandatory 2-year minimum imprisonment rank among the harshest proposed penalties nationwide. |
Last update Tue 3 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Environment Prot, Cons and Water Res committee | ||||
| HB1406 | Geoengineering; prohibit certain weather and temperature modification. | Died In Committee | ||
| This bill assigns enforcement to the Department of Transportation rather than environmental or health agencies, creates an unusual public reporting system for "chemtrail-equipped" aircraft at airports, and uses funding leverage rather than direct criminal penalties to ensure airport compliance with monthly surveillance requirements. |
Last update Tue 3 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Public Health and Human Services Committee | ||||
| HB1412 | Air quality; prohibit injection of chemicals into atmosphere with purpose of affecting the weather. | Died In Committee | ||
| This is a symbolic prohibition with no teeth: the bill declares atmospheric modification illegal but provides no penalties, an enforcement agency, or a mechanism for anyone to do anything about violations. |
Last update Tue 3 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Public Health and Human Services | ||||
| HB552 | Mississippi geoengineering ban; enact. | Died In Committee | ||
| Mississippi's HB 552 takes an institutional approach to geoengineering prohibition by embedding it within the state's existing environmental regulatory framework under the Department of Environmental Quality. The bill features a notably severe penalty structure with a $500,000 minimum fine and mandatory two-year minimum imprisonment, among the harshest proposed in any state. |
Last update Tue 3 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Public Health and Human Services Committee | ||||
| SB2254 | Mississippi geoengineering ban; enact. | Died In Committee | ||
| Mississippi SB 2254 proposes one of the strictest geoengineering penalties in the nation, with a minimum $500,000 fine and mandatory two-year imprisonment for each day of violation, while embedding the prohibition within the state's existing environmental regulatory apparatus rather than creating standalone legislation. |
Last update Tue 3 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in nvironment Prot, Cons and Water Res | ||||
| HB1083 | Geoengineering; prohibit certain weather and temperature modification. | Died In Committee | ||
| Mississippi HB1083 criminalises atmospheric modification activities as felonies and creates a public reporting system through the Department of Transportation, but its most distinctive feature is the mandatory monthly airport surveillance requirement compelling all public airports to report the presence of any aircraft equipped with dispersal capability. |
Last update Tue 3 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Public Health and Human Services | ||||
| HB1086 | Geoengineering and weather modification; prohibit certain acts related to. | Died In Committee | ||
| Mississippi HB1086 is a textual duplicate of HB1083 filed by a different sponsor, criminalising atmospheric modification as a felony and creating mandatory airport surveillance reporting; the simultaneous introduction of identical bills by Representatives Arnold and Byrd suggests a coordinated legislative strategy to maximise the chances of committee advancement. |
Last update Tue 3 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Public Health and Human Services | ||||
| HB1087 | Weather modification and geo engineering; prohibit. | Died In Committee | ||
| Mississippi HB1087 is a stripped-down version of the geoengineering prohibition that omits all enforcement mechanisms, criminal penalties, public reporting systems, and airport surveillance requirements found in the companion bills HB1083 and HB1086, effectively creating a symbolic policy statement rather than enforceable law. |
Last update Tue 3 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Public Health and Human Services | ||||
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Missouri (2026 Regular Session)
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| SB1368 | Creates provisions relating to weather modification | 28 Aug 2026 | Sine die | |
| Senate Bill 1368 bans weather modification in Missouri with Class E felony penalties and up to $200,000 in civil fines, while requiring monthly airport reporting of weather modification-equipped aircraft starting January 1, 2027, and prohibiting state funding to airports that harbor such aircraft. |
Last update Tue 27 Jan 2026 |
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| Status: S Agriculture, Food Production and Outdoor Resources Committee (since 27 Jan 2026) | ||||
| Note: Remained in Agriculture, Food Production and Outdoor Resources Committee | ||||
| SB860 | Creates provisions relating to weather modification | 28 Aug 2026 | Sine die | |
| Senate Bill 860 bans weather modification in Missouri while requiring any entity deploying atmospheric chemicals to disclose contents to state authorities and post a $25 million bond, with violations subject to civil litigation including damages, injunctions, and attorney's fees. |
Last update Thu 23 Apr 2026 |
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| Note: Agriculture, Food Production and Outdoor Resources Committee voted pass, but no 3rd reading | ||||
| HB2388 | Creates the "Clear Skies Act" prohibiting geoengineering, cloud seeding and other atmospheric interventions, and authorizing DNR to investigate violations, and includes penalty provisions | 28 Aug 2026 | Sine die | |
| Missouri's "Clean Skies Act" (HB 2388) bans all geoengineering, weather modification, and cloud seeding activities in the state, imposing felony charges with minimum $100,000 fines and up to two years imprisonment for violations, with each day of continued activity constituting a separate criminal offense. |
Last update Tue 12 May 2026 |
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| Status: Reported favourably by House committee, awaiting 3rd reading (since 12 May 2026) | ||||
| Note: Passed by committee, but no 3rd reading | ||||
| HB2656 | Creates the "Clear Skies Act" prohibiting geoengineering, cloud seeding and other atmospheric interventions, authorizing DNR to investigate violations, and includes penalty provisions | 28 Aug 2026 | Sine die | |
| Missouri's Clean Skies Act proposes felony penalties for geoengineering with a citizen reporting system and National Guard enforcement authority, while notably designating artificial intelligence as a criminal entity capable of felony conviction and imprisonment. |
Last update Tue 12 May 2026 |
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| Note: Passed by committee, no 3rd reading | ||||
| HB2389 | Makes it unlawful to use weather modifications and authorizes DNR to bring a civil action for violations relating to weather modification | 28 Aug 2026 | Introduced | |
| Missouri House Bill 2389 bans all weather modification activities in the state—including cloud seeding and dispersing atmospheric agents—while allowing citizens to report violations and empowering the Department of Natural Resources to investigate and pursue civil penalties against violators. |
Last update Fri 15 May 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Emerging Issues committee | ||||
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New Hampshire (2026 Regular Session)
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| HB1618 | Prohibiting solar radiation modification, weather modification, and other polluting atmospheric interventions. | 1 Jan 2027 | Inexpedient to Legislate | |
| New Hampshire's HB1618 creates an aggressive enforcement regime against atmospheric interventions involving pollutants, establishing a citizen deputy system where county sheriffs must deputise volunteers to help enforce felony prohibitions carrying minimum $500,000 fines, while simultaneously empowering the Air National Guard to interdict aircraft and imposing strict electromagnetic radiation limits on communications facilities—making artificial intelligence entities themselves subject to criminal prosecution. |
Last update Thu 5 Feb 2026 |
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| HB1128 | Restricting the use of weather modification technologies to declared emergencies. | 60 days | Engrossed | |
| New Hampshire would restrict cloud seeding to verified extreme drought conditions lasting at least 90 days, replacing the state's existing open-ended weather modification authorisation with a drought-contingent regulatory framework that requires environmental review and public disclosure. |
Last update Thu 14 May 2026 |
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| Status: Passed by the House, recommended by the Senate committee, but laid on table by Senate (since 14 May 2026) | ||||
| HR35 | Urging the prohibition of the intentional release of polluting emissions, including cloud seeding and weather modification, to preserve the atmosphere of New Hampshire. | Adopted | ||
| New Hampshire's House urges the prohibition of atmospheric geoengineering through a formal resolution requiring the state environmental agency to notify 27 federal entities of the policy. However, the measure creates no enforceable penalties or regulatory framework—representing legislative intent rather than binding law. |
Last update Thu 5 Mar 2026 |
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| Note: Motion Adopted Regular Calendar 169-152 03/05/2026 House Journal 6 | ||||
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New Jersey (2026-2027 Regular Session)
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| S934 | Prohibits release of certain substances into atmosphere for purposes of geoengineering. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| New Jersey's bill takes a distinctive approach by limiting its prohibition to "hazardous" substances used for geoengineering rather than banning all atmospheric releases, while creating a citizen science-style monitoring program that accepts everything from smartphone photos to spectrometry reports as evidence of potential violations. |
Last update Tue 13 Jan 2026 |
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| Status: Senate Environment and Energy Committee (since 13 Jan 2026) | ||||
| A5246 | Prohibits release of certain substances into atmosphere for purposes of geoengineering. | Immediately | Prefiled | |
| New Jersey's bill takes a distinctive approach by limiting its prohibition to "hazardous" substances used for geoengineering rather than banning all atmospheric releases, while also creating a citizen-science-style monitoring program that accepts everything from smartphone photos to spectrometry reports as evidence of potential violations. Introduced as an identical companion bill to S934 |
Last update No updates |
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| Status: Introduced June 2026 - Awaiting a committee assignment (since 10 June 2026) | ||||
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New York (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| A05476 | Prohibits the intentional injection, release or dispersion, by any means, of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances or apparatus within the borders of this state into the atmosphere with the express purpose of affecting temperature, weather or the intensity of sunlight; provides the department will establish a reporting process for violations; provides penalties for such violations. | Sine die | ||
| New York's A05476-A would make geoengineering and weather modification a Class E felony, with a mandatory monthly reporting requirement that compels operators of public infrastructure — airports, transit systems, bridges — to file reports on any aircraft they observe that appear configured for atmospheric modification activities. |
Last update Fri 6 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Environmental conservation | ||||
| S08529 | Prohibits the intentional injection, release or dispersion, by any means, of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances or apparatus within the borders of this state into the atmosphere with the express purpose of affecting temperature, weather or the intensity of sunlight; provides the department will establish a reporting process for violations; provides penalties for such violations. | Sine die | ||
| New York's S.8529-A goes far beyond simple prohibition by establishing a dual surveillance system requiring mandatory monthly aircraft monitoring by all public infrastructure operators and a citizen reporting portal, backed by class E felony charges that expose corporate officers to up to 5 years' imprisonment. |
Last update Wed 7 Jan 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in environmental coservation | ||||
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Ohio (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| HB290 | Enact the Atmosphere Protection Act | 90 days | Introduced | |
| Ohio's "Atmosphere Protection Act" imposes some of the harshest penalties in state weather modification legislation—a mandatory 3-year prison term and a minimum $500,000 fine under strict liability, meaning prosecutors need not prove intent. The Legislative Service Commission's own analysis notes uncertainty about what the undefined term "sunlight reflection methods" actually prohibits. |
Last update Wed 21 May 2025 |
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| Status: Natural Resources Committee (since 21 May 2025) | ||||
| HB272 | Regards food dyes, PFAS, fluoride, and certain substance releases | 90 days | Introduced | |
| Ohio's HB 272 buries a straightforward prohibition on weather modification within an omnibus consumer protection bill covering PFAS chemicals, food dyes, and water fluoridation. The atmospheric release provision is notably modest compared to Ohio's other pending weather modification bill (HB 290), imposing misdemeanour penalties rather than felony charges, suggesting different legislative philosophies on enforcement severity even within the same chamber. |
Last update Wed 14 May 2025 |
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| Status: General Government Committee (since 14 May 2025) Unlikely to proceed | ||||
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Oklahoma (2026 Regular Session)
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| HB1429 | Environment; prohibiting certain actions; emergency. | Immediately | Missed crossover | |
| Oklahoma's HB1429 would ban all intentional atmospheric modification while simultaneously dismantling the state's 50-year-old Weather Modification Act, but notably lacks any enforcement mechanism or penalties for violations. |
Last update Tue 4 Feb 2025 |
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| Note: Remain in initial Rules Committee | ||||
| SB1797 | Environmental and natural resources; prohibiting certain actions relating to weather modification. Effective date. | 1 Nov 2026 | Missed crossover | |
| This bill authorizes the Governor to deploy the Oklahoma Air National Guard to intercept suspected weather modification aircraft, collect air samples using mass spectrometers, and escort violators to airports for investigation—while simultaneously dismantling Oklahoma's existing weather modification regulatory framework through a wholesale repeal of 23 statutory sections. |
Last update Tue 3 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Rules Committee & Appropriations Committee | ||||
| SB1021 | Environment and natural resources; prohibiting certain actions relating to weather modification; providing for investigation. Effective date. | 1 Nov 2025 sic | Missed crossover | |
| Oklahoma's SB1021 would authorise the Air National Guard to intercept aircraft suspected of weather modification activities and escort them to airports for investigation, while simultaneously repealing the state's existing weather modification licensing program that has regulated cloud seeding operations for decades. |
Last update Mon 10 Mar 2025 |
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| Note: Remained in Energy Committee | ||||
| SB430 | Environment; prohibiting intentional injection, release, or dispersion of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances, or apparatus in this state; repealing the Oklahoma Weather Modification Act. Effective date. | 1 Nov 2025 sic | Missed crossover | |
| Oklahoma's SB430 is a companion bill to SB1021, using the same prohibition language but taking a conventional criminal penalty approach with misdemeanour charges and a $10,000 fine, rather than SB1021's Air National Guard interdiction authority. |
Last update Mon 10 Mar 2025 |
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| Note: Remained in Energy committee | ||||
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Pennsylvania (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| SB508 | Prohibiting solar radiation modification or sunlight reflection methods, cloud seeding and polluting atmospheric interventions within this Commonwealth; imposing duties on the Pennsylvania State Police and sheriffs; and imposing penalties. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Pennsylvania's Clean Air Preservation Act creates a sweeping felony prohibition on atmospheric interventions, including solar geoengineering experiments like stratospheric aerosol injection and marine cloud brightening, with the unique feature of listing artificial intelligence as a criminal entity subject to minimum penalties of $500,000 and two years imprisonment per day of violation, enforceable by sheriffs and State Police against any entit,y including federal agencies. |
Last update Fri 21 Mar 2025 |
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| Status: Agriculture & Rural Affairs (since 21 Mar 2025) | ||||
| HB1167 | Prohibiting solar radiation modification or sunlight reflection methods, cloud seeding and polluting atmospheric interventions within this Commonwealth; imposing duties on the Pennsylvania State Police and sheriffs; and imposing penalties. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Pennsylvania's Clean Air Preservation Act creates a sweeping felony prohibition on atmospheric interventions, including solar geoengineering experiments like stratospheric aerosol injection and marine cloud brightening, with the unique feature of listing artificial intelligence as a criminal entity subject to minimum penalties of $500,000 and two years imprisonment per day of violation, enforceable by sheriffs and State Police against any entity including federal agencies. |
Last update Mon 7 Apr 2025 |
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| Status: Environmental & Natural Resource Protection (since 7 Apr 2025) | ||||
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Rhode Island (2026 Regular Session)
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| S2220 | Establishes the Rhode Island Clean Air Preservation Act that establishes a regulatory process to prohibit polluting atmospheric experimentation. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Rhode Island's Senate version of the "Clean Air Preservation Act" pairs its geoengineering ban with a $500,000-per-violation penalty floor, mandatory citizen deputization by state police, and -- reaching well beyond atmospheric modification -- imposes specific RF signal strength limits on all wireless telecommunications infrastructure and requires statewide fiber-optic deployment to homes, schools, and businesses, effectively bundling telecommunications regulation into an atmospheric pollution bill. |
Last update Fri 23 Jan 2026 |
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| Status: Senate Environment and Agriculture (since 23 Jan 2026) | ||||
| H7422 | Creates "the Rhode Island clean air preservation act." | 1 Aug 2026 | Introduced | |
| Rhode Island's "Clean Air Preservation Act" builds a muscular enforcement regime around its geoengineering ban -- authorising Air National Guard aircraft interdiction, mandating dual citizen reporting portals from two separate agencies, and classifying violations as felonies with per-day stacking penalties -- while also venturing into unusual territory by listing artificial intelligence as a prosecutable "entity" and defining pollutants broadly enough to encompass electromagnetic pulses, smart dust, and sound waves. |
Last update Thu 26 Feb 2026 |
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| Status: House Environment and Natural Resources Committee - Held for further studies | ||||
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South Carolina (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| S0110 | Air Quality | Immediately | Sine die | |
| South Carolina's S. 110 is the Senate companion to the minimalist House approach, creating a bare-bones weather modification prohibition without penalties or exemptions—but its referral to the Medical Affairs Committee rather than environmental or agriculture committees signals a unique legislative focus on public health impacts. |
Last update Tue 14 Jan 2025 |
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| Note: Remained in Committee on Medical Affairs | ||||
| H3083 | Air Quality | Immediately | Sine die | |
| South Carolina's H. 3083 takes a minimalist approach to weather modification prohibition, adding a simple ban on intentional atmospheric emissions for climate purposes without specifying penalties, enforcement mechanisms, or exemptions—leaving implementation entirely to existing air quality regulations. |
Last update Tue 14 Jan 2025 |
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| Note: Committee on Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environmental AffairsRemained in | ||||
| H3915 | South Carolina Clean Air Act | Immediately | Sine die | |
| South Carolina's H. 3915 establishes a mid-tier enforcement approach to weather modification, combining federal-level felony penalties with whistleblower protections for citizens suing the government, while notably omitting the more aggressive airport employee prosecution and bounty provisions found in companion bill H. 4624. |
Last update Tue 25 Feb 2025 |
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| Note: Remained in Committee on Judiciary | ||||
| H4010 | South Carolina Clean Air Act | Immediately | Sine die | |
| South Carolina's H. 4010 represents the most agriculture-friendly version of the state's weather modification bills, explicitly exempting both cloud seeding and crop dusting operations while notably omitting any criminal penalties or enforcement mechanisms for violations—essentially creating a prohibition without teeth. |
Last update Thu 13 Feb 2025 |
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| Status: Committee on Judiciary (since 13 Feb 2025) | ||||
| Note: Remained in Committee on Judiciary | ||||
| H4624 | South Carolina Clean Air Act | Immediately | Sine die | |
| South Carolina's bill establishes the nation's most aggressive enforcement regime against weather modification activities, featuring life imprisonment for third-time offenders and an unprecedented private citizen lawsuit provision that awards damages without requiring proof of harm—creating a de facto bounty system against stratospheric aerosol injection operations. |
Last update Tue 21 Apr 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs committee | ||||
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South Dakota (2026 Regular Session)
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| HB1181 | Prohibit weather and climate modification activities and provide a penalty therefor. | 1 Jul 2026 | Withdrawn | |
| South Dakota's HB 1181 takes a notably comprehensive approach by creating a dedicated enforcement fund, requiring quarterly aircraft inspections at all airports, and extending jurisdiction to businesses merely headquartered in the state, even when operations occur elsewhere. The $100,000 minimum fine plus $10,000 daily penalties represents one of the steeper civil penalty structures among similar state proposals. |
Last update Mon 2 Feb 2026 |
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| HB1271 | Prohibit weather and climate modification activities and provide a penalty therefor. | 1 Jul 2026 | Moved to 41st | |
| South Dakota's HB 1271 creates a comprehensive prohibition on atmospheric modification, with substantial civil penalties ($100,000 minimum plus $10,000/day), funded through a self-sustaining enforcement mechanism in which collected fines pay for monitoring activities. The bill is notable for requiring all airports to file quarterly reports on aircraft equipped with dispersal equipment and for attempting to reach businesses operating from outside state borders through the Secretary of State disclosure requirements. |
Last update Tue 10 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Deferred to 41st day by House Agriculture and Natural Resources committee | ||||
| HB1294 | Prohibit geoengineering in this state. | Moved to 41st | ||
| South Dakota's HB 1294 is a bare-bones geoengineering prohibition—just six lines of text making it a felony, with no enforcement infrastructure, no funding, and a narrow definition that specifically targets climate change countermeasures rather than weather modification generally. |
Last update Thu 12 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: House Agriculture and Natural Resources moved to 41st day | ||||
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Tennessee (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| HB1112 | AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 58, Chapter 2 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. | Sine die | ||
| Tennessee's HB 1112 creates one of the more aggressive enforcement frameworks among state weather modification bills, combining criminal misdemeanour charges with a substantial $100,000-per-violation administrative fine and extending liability up the supply chain to anyone providing materials with knowledge of their intended use. The bill has already passed the House 69-21 and crossed over to the Senate. |
Last update Wed 26 Mar 2025 |
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| SB0723 | AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47, Chapter 18 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. | Sine die | ||
| Tennessee's bill takes an unusual enforcement approach by routing weather modification violations through consumer protection law rather than creating direct criminal prohibitions, treating cloud seeding as essentially a form of commercial fraud. The narrow application only to "weather-related companies" makes a significant gap—the same activities would remain legal if conducted by entities outside this defined category. |
Last update Fri 7 Mar 2025 |
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| HB0899 | AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47, Chapter 18 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. | Sine die | ||
| Tennessee's bill takes an unusual enforcement approach by routing weather modification violations through consumer protection law rather than creating direct criminal prohibitions, treating cloud seeding as essentially a form of commercial fraud. The narrow application only to "weather-related companies" makes a significant gap—the same activities would remain legal if conducted by entities outside this defined category. |
Last update Fri 14 Feb 2025 |
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US Congress (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| HB4403 | Clear Skies Act | Introduced | ||
| The federal "Clear Skies Act" (H.R. 4403) bans all weather modification activities nationwide with criminal penalties up to 5 years imprisonment and $100,000 fines per violation, while repealing all existing federal authorities that permit such activities and establishing a public EPA reporting system for suspected violations. |
Last update Tue 15 Jul 2025 |
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| HB6941 | Atmosphere Study Act | Introduced | ||
| A federal study-only bill requiring the Department of Energy to investigate health and environmental effects of federally-connected geoengineering projects, with no regulatory teeth or prohibition provisions—essentially a fact-finding exercise that commits Congress to nothing beyond receiving a report. |
Last update Tue 6 Jan 2026 |
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| HB7452 | Air Quality Act | Introduced | ||
| This federal bill goes beyond simple prohibition by creating dual reporting systems—one requiring airlines to disclose weather modification equipment on aircraft, another for public violation reports—while simultaneously repealing all existing federal weather modification authorities and banning even federally-funded research on atmospheric intervention. |
Last update Mon 9 Feb 2026 |
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Utah (2026 Regular Session)
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| SB0023 | Airborne Chemicals Amendments | Failed | ||
| Utah's SB0023 takes a narrower approach than many state geoengineering bills, focusing solely on aircraft-based solar geoengineering while explicitly preserving the state's existing weather modification program. The bill creates a tiered reporting chain from airport operators through the Department of Transportation to the Attorney General. |
Last update Fri 6 Mar 2026 |
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| Note: Senate Government Operations and Political Subdivisions Committee - Motion to Recommend Failed | ||||
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Vermont (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| H0217 | An act relating to prohibiting geoengineering | Sine die | ||
| Vermont's H.217 combines a standard geoengineering ban with an unusual RF radiation compliance regime for communications facilities and mandatory citizen deputization by sheriffs for enforcement. The bill explicitly makes artificial intelligence subject to both its prohibitions and criminal penalties. |
Last update Thu 13 Feb 2025 |
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| Note: Remained in Committee on Environment | ||||
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Virginia (2026 Regular Session)
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| HB1425 | Geoengineering; prohibited, civil penalties. | 1 Jul 2026 | Laid on table | |
| Virginia's HB 1425 takes a minimalist approach to geoengineering prohibition, adding just three short subsections to existing air pollution law and relying entirely on standard civil penalty mechanisms rather than creating new criminal offences or specialised enforcement structures. |
Last update Wed 18 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: House Agriculture, Chesapeake and Natural Resources Subcommittee recommended laying on the table (9-Y 1-N) | ||||
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Washington (2025-2026 Regular Session)
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| HB2222 | Restricting weather modification activities. | Missed Crossover | ||
| Washington bill replaces the state's 60-year-old weather modification licensing system with a total ban, creating felony penalties up to $1,000,000 and establishing an airport surveillance program. The bill's text explicitly references "chemtrail events" and includes 5G, 6G, and RF waves among prohibited weather modification methods. |
Last update Mon 12 Jan 2026 |
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| Note: Missed Environment & Energy crossover (17 Feb 2026) | ||||
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West Virginia (2026 Regular Session)
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| SB514 | Prohibiting geoengineering activities | 12 Jun 2026 | Sine die | |
| West Virginia's SB 514 combines one of the broadest definitions of prohibited atmospheric activity seen in this legislative wave—encompassing electromagnetic fields, mechanical vibrations, and even AI-directed releases—with a mandatory citizen reporting infrastructure and the unusual inclusion of hazardous waste management provisions within a geoengineering prohibition bill. |
Last update Tue 20 Jan 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Natural Resources Committee | ||||
| SB665 | Protecting environment and humans from geoengineering and weather modification experiments | 20 Jun 2026 | Sine die | |
| West Virginia proposes one of the most aggressive geoengineering bans yet, with a $500,000 minimum daily penalty for knowing violations, mandatory 24-hour reporting by government officials, and the unusual provision that Artificial intelligence can be subject to felony liability for atmospheric modification activities. |
Last update Thu 29 Jan 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in Natural Resources committee | ||||
| HB5160 | Prohibition of geoengineering | 12 Jun 2026 | Sine die | |
| West Virginia's HB 5160 creates one of the most comprehensive geoengineering prohibition frameworks seen in state legislation, featuring Air National Guard interdiction authority, explicit coverage of AI systems as potential criminal violators, and million-dollar-per-day penalties for federal agencies conducting unauthorised activities over the state. |
Last update Wed 4 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in House Energy and Public Works committee | ||||
| HB5513 | To prohibit cloud seeding in WV | Sine die | ||
| West Virginia's HB 5513 is a comprehensive geoengineering ban with a citizen monitoring framework, requiring the DEP to publish quarterly newspaper notices encouraging the public to document and report suspected atmospheric activities -- but its penalty section appears to have been borrowed from another state's code, referencing a "cabinet" and "secretary" that do not exist in West Virginia's environmental regulatory structure. |
Last update Fri 13 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Remained in House Government Organization | ||||
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Wyoming (2026 Regular Session)
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| HB0012 | Clean Air and Geoengineering Prohibition Act. | Immediately | Failed Introduction | |
| Wyoming's comprehensive geoengineering ban creates felony penalties of up to 5 years' imprisonment and $500,000+ fines for atmospheric interventions, while explicitly preserving the state's existing cloud seeding permit system and uniquely tasks the Department of Environmental Quality with monitoring all aircraft, space-based platforms, and ground facilities for prohibited atmospheric contaminant dispersal. |
Last update Mon 9 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Failed Introduction 24-38 | ||||
| HJ0001 | Prohibiting unauthorized atmospheric geoengineering. | N/A | Failed Introduction | |
| Wyoming's Legislature is requesting Congressional action to prohibit unauthorised atmospheric geoengineering over the state, citing concerns that federal agencies and military contractors are dispersing chemicals such as aluminium oxide, barium, and stratospheric sulphates without public knowledge, while explicitly preserving Wyoming's existing ground-based cloud seeding operations. |
Last update Mon 9 Feb 2026 |
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| Note: Failed Introduction 33-29 | ||||