New Jersey : 2026-2027 Regular Session : BILL S934
Prohibits release of certain substances into atmosphere for purposes of geoengineering.
Sponsor: Sen Michael Testa & Sen Holly Schepisi & Sen Joseph Lagana
Bill Details
Prohibits release of certain substances into atmosphere for purposes of geoengineering.
GeoLawWatch Bill Summary
Prohibition: No person, including any private or public entity, may release a hazardous chemical or other hazardous physical agent into the atmosphere for purposes of geoengineering.
Definition of Geoengineering: The intentional manipulation of the environment through the use of a chemical or other physical agent, intended to bring about changes to Earth's atmospheric or surface conditions, including weather modification, aerosol injection, chaff dispersal, or cloud seeding activities.
Hazardous Standard: A chemical or physical agent qualifies as "hazardous" if it is, by its nature, harmful to living organisms, to property, or to another interest of value.
Federal Activity Response: If a federal agency or branch of the armed forces conducts prohibited geoengineering activities in or over New Jersey, the Commissioner of Environmental Protection must issue a notice to an appropriate federal representative indicating the activity cannot be lawfully carried out.
Public Monitoring Program: The Department of Environmental Protection must establish a program encouraging the public to monitor, measure, document, and report potential geoengineering violations. The program must accept photographs, audio recordings, video recordings, precipitation analysis reports, microscopy images, spectrometry reports, and other appropriate evidence. The Department must promptly investigate credible reports.
Civil Administrative Penalties: Up to $10,000 for first offence; up to $25,000 for second offence; up to $50,000 for third and subsequent offences. Each day of violation constitutes a separate offence.
Enforcement Process: Suspected violators must receive notice via certified mail or personal service before penalties are imposed. Notice must specify the statute violated, facts of the violation, potential penalty amount, and right to a hearing. Violators have 20 days to request a hearing. If no hearing is requested, the notice becomes a final order after 20 days.
Rulemaking Requirement: The Department must adopt implementing rules and regulations within 18 months of enactment.
History
S934 was pre-filed for introduction in the 2026 session of the 222nd Legislature and formally introduced in the Senate on January 13, 2026, the first day of New Jersey's 2026 legislative session. The bill was referred to the Senate Environment and Energy Committee. Senator Michael L. Testa, Jr. (R-District 1, covering Atlantic, Cape May, and Cumberland counties) is the primary sponsor, with Senators Holly Schepisi (R) and Joseph Lagana (D) as co-sponsors, giving the bill bipartisan support from the introduction.
The bill's status as "Introduced Pending Technical Review by Legislative Counsel" indicates it has been formally filed but awaits routine formatting and citation review before committee consideration. New Jersey operates on a biennial legislative cycle with even-year sessions; the 2026 session runs through December 31, 2026, giving the bill substantial time for committee action. No companion bill in the Assembly has been identified at this time.
- Tue 13 Jan 2026 Introduced in the Senate, Referred to Senate Environment and Energy Committee
Consolidated Bill Text
STATE OF NEW JERSEY
222nd LEGISLATURE
PRE-FILED FOR INTRODUCTION IN THE 2026 SESSION
Sponsored by:
Senator MICHAEL L. TESTA, JR.
District 1 (Atlantic, Cape May and Cumberland)
Co-Sponsored by:
Senators Schepisi and Lagana
AN ACT concerning the release of certain substances into the atmosphere and supplementing Title 26 of the Revised Statutes.
BE IT ENACTED by the Senate and General Assembly of the State of New Jersey:
As used in this act:
"Albedo" means the fraction of incident radiation, such as light and heat, reflected by a natural cloud or by materials injected into the atmosphere.
"Chaff" means aluminum-coated silica glass fibers typically dispersed in bundles in the atmosphere.
"Cloud seeding" means a weather modification technique for changing the amount, type, or distribution of precipitation from clouds by artificially creating cloud condensation nuclei or ice nuclei in the atmosphere.
"Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Environmental Protection.
"Department" means the Department of Environmental Protection.
"Geoengineering" means the intentional manipulation of the environment, through use of a chemical or other physical agent, which is effectuated with the intention of bringing about changes to Earth's atmospheric or surface conditions, including weather modification, aerosol injection, chaff dispersal, or cloud seeding activities.
"Hazardous" means that a chemical or other physical agent is, by its nature, harmful to living organisms, to property, or to another interest of value.
"Weather modification" means the changing, controlling, or interfering with; or the attempt to change, control, or interfere with; the natural development of cloud forms, precipitation, barometric pressure, temperature, albedo, conductivity, or other characteristics of the atmosphere.
a. No person, including any private or public entity, shall release a hazardous chemical or other hazardous physical agent into the atmosphere for the purposes of geoengineering.
b. If a federal agency or branch of the armed forces carries out a project that involves the release of a hazardous chemical or other hazardous physical agent into the atmosphere for the purposes of geoengineering, the commissioner shall issue a notice to an appropriate federal representative indicating that the activity cannot be lawfully carried out in or over the State of New Jersey.
a. The department shall establish a program to encourage members of the public to monitor, measure, document, and report incidents that may constitute geoengineering activities in violation of the provisions of this act. The program shall, at a minimum, allow members of the public to submit photographs, audio recordings, video recordings, precipitation analysis reports, images created through microscopy, spectrometry reports, and other appropriate forms of evidence to the department.
b. The department shall promptly investigate any credible reports received pursuant to this section, which indicate that a violation of the provisions of this act have occurred.
a. A person who violates the provisions of this act shall be liable to a civil administrative penalty of up to $10,000 for the first offense, up to $25,000 for the second offense, and up to $50,000 for the third and each subsequent offense. Each day in which a violation occurs shall be considered a separate offense. The department shall enforce the provisions of this act and the rules and regulations adopted pursuant thereto.
b. No civil administrative penalty pursuant to subsection a. of this section shall be imposed until after the suspected violator has been notified of the alleged violation by certified mail or personal service. The notice shall include:
(1) a reference to the section of the statute, regulation, order, or condition alleged to have been violated;
(2) a concise statement of the facts alleged to constitute a violation;
(3) a statement of the amount of the civil administrative penalty that may be imposed; and
(4) a statement of the right of the person to a hearing.
c. (1) A person served with notice pursuant to subsection c. of this section shall have 20 days after the receipt of the notice to request in writing a hearing before the department. The department may retain the matter for a hearing before the committee or transmit the matter to the Office of Administrative Law in accordance with the provisions of the "Administrative Procedure Act", P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-1 et seq.).
(2) If the hearing is conducted by the department, the hearing shall be conducted in accordance with relevant provisions of the "Administrative Procedure Act", P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-1 et seq.) and regulations adopted pursuant thereto. After the hearing, if the department finds that a violation has occurred, the department may issue a final order assessing the amount of the civil administrative penalty set forth in the notice, if applicable.
(3) If no hearing is requested, then the notice shall become a final order 20 days after the date upon which the notice was served. Payment of the civil administrative penalty shall be due, and duration of the suspension, if any, shall begin, on the date when a final order is issued or the notice becomes a final order.
No later than 18 months after the date of enactment of this act, the department shall adopt rules and regulations, pursuant to the "Administrative Procedure Act," P.L.1968, c.410 (C.52:14B-1 et seq.), to implement the provisions of this act.
This act shall take effect immediately.
STATEMENT
This bill would prohibit persons, including private and public entities, from releasing a hazardous chemical or other hazardous physical agent into the atmosphere for the purposes of geoengineering. A person who violates this prohibition would be liable to a civil administrative penalty of up to $10,000 for a first offense, under the bill.
As defined in the bill: "geoengineering" means the intentional manipulation of the environment, through use of a chemical or other physical agent, which is effectuated with the intention of bringing about changes to Earth's atmospheric or surface conditions, including weather modification, aerosol injection, chaff dispersal, or cloud seeding activities; and "hazardous" means that a chemical or other physical agent is naturally harmful to living organisms, to property, or to another interest of value.
The bill would also require the Commissioner of Environmental Protection to send a notice to an appropriate representative of the federal government, if a federal entity engages in the geoengineering activities prohibited by the bill in or over New Jersey. In addition, the bill would require the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) to establish a program to encourage members of the public to monitor and report geoengineering activities that violate the bill's provisions. Finally, the bill would require the DEP to enforce the bill's provisions, and to adopt rules and regulations to implement the bill's provisions no later than 18 months after the bill's enactment.