GeoLawWatch: Tracking Weather & Climate Legislation

Tracking weather modification, cloud seeding, and geoengineering bills in real time across the US.

Geoengineering Bills by Year

Bill # Details Effective Status
Illinois (2023-2024 Regular Session)
SB3095 WEATHER MODIFICATION-SEEDING Sine die
A word-for-word reintroduction of Senator Anderson's failed 2023 weather modification ban, which met the same fate in a different committee - twice postponed, then returned to Assignments, where it died without a vote despite an attempted amendment. Last update
Tue 7 Jan 2025
  Note: Twice, assigned to Executive committee, and returned to assignments until sine die
SB0134 WEATHER MODIFICATION-SEEDING Sine die
A minimalist two-page bill that would ban all weather modification in Illinois but provides no penalties, no enforcement agency, and no mechanism for compliance, making it a symbolic prohibition rather than an enforceable law. Last update
Tue 7 Jan 2025
  Note: Assigned to Environment and Conservation, returned to assignments - no further action taken.
Kentucky (2024 Regular Session)
HB506 AN ACT relating to geoengineering. Died in committee
Kentucky's HB 506 represents the most aggressive geoengineering prohibition attempted in the 2024 legislative cycle, combining felony criminal penalties with a $500,000 minimum daily civil penalty, mandatory citizen reporting requirements, and provisions purporting to prohibit federal and international atmospheric activities over the state. Last update
Fri 9 Feb 2024
  Note: Remained in Commitee on Commitees
SB217 AN ACT relating to geoengineering. Died in committee
Kentucky's SB 217 is a word-for-word Senate duplicate of HB 506, representing a coordinated bicameral push for the state's most aggressive geoengineering prohibition and, notably, the only version to advance beyond the procedural gateway committee during the 2024 session. Last update
Tue 20 Feb 2024
  Note: Remained in Natural Resources & Energy committee
Minnesota (2023-2024 Regular Session)
HF4687 Harmful atmospheric activity prohibited, and penalties provided. Died in committee
Minnesota's HF 4687 goes far beyond typical weather modification bans by establishing a felony offence with $500,000 fines, mandating an elaborate citizen reporting system with 2-hour emergency response requirements, setting specific limits on electromagnetic radiation, and asserting Tenth Amendment authority to override federal approvals for atmospheric activities. The bill uniquely requires officials to actively encourage public monitoring and grants immediate cease-and-desist powers with National Guard enforcement authority. Last update
Thu 11 Apr 2024
  Note: Remained in Environment and Natural Resources Finance and Policy committee
SF4630 Certain harmful atmospheric activity prohibition Died in committee
Minnesota's SF 4630 goes far beyond typical weather modification bans by establishing a felony offence with $500,000 fines, mandating an elaborate citizen reporting system with 2-hour emergency response requirements, setting specific limits on electromagnetic radiation, and asserting Tenth Amendment authority to override federal approvals for atmospheric activities. The bill uniquely requires officials to actively encourage public monitoring and grants immediate cease-and-desist powers with National Guard enforcement authority. Last update
Thu 11 Apr 2024
  Note: Remained in Environment, Climate, and Legacy committee
Missouri (2024 Regular Session)
SB1318 Establishes the Freedom to Farm Act and modifies provisions relating to the Governor's emergency powers and agricultural operations as nuisances Died in committee
A near-verbatim reintroduction of the previous session's failed "Freedom to Farm Act," now sponsored by Senator Moon instead of Senator Carter, with only the licensing cutoff date updated from 2023 to 2024. The weather modification ban remains buried within a broader agricultural deregulation package. Last update
Thu 25 Jan 2024
  Note: Remained in Agriculture, Food Production and Outdoor Resources Committee
New Hampshire (2024 Regular Session)
HB1700 Prohibiting the intentional release of polluting emissions, including cloud seeding, weather modification, excessive electromagnetic radio frequency, and microwave radiation and making penalties for violation of such prohibition. Inexpedient to Legislate
This predecessor to HB 764 combined geoengineering prohibition with electromagnetic radiation limits and a mandatory citizen reporting system deputizing the public as atmospheric monitors. The bill was decisively rejected 315-58 on the House floor after a 16-3 negative committee vote, representing one of the most lopsided defeats for geoengineering legislation in any state. Last update
Thu 8 Feb 2024
  Note: House voted Inexpedient to Legislate; the bill died.
New Mexico (2024 Regular Session)
HB130 Cloud Seeding Pilot Program Died in chamber
New Mexico's cloud seeding pilot project would have addressed one of western water law's thorniest questions—whether artificially enhanced precipitation belongs to existing rights holders—while providing state liability protection for cloud seeding activities. The bill passed the House but died in the Senate despite clearing committee. Last update
Wed 14 Feb 2024
North Dakota (2023-2024 Regular Session)
HB1166 State funding requirements for county weather modification operations; and to provide a penalty. Died in chamber
North Dakota House Bill 1166 passed the House in 2023 but failed in the Senate requiring cloud seeding operations to stop when seeded storms cross into counties without active weather modification programs and restructuring county weather modification authority procedures. Last update
Mon 3 Apr 2023
  Note: House passed, Senate committee neutral, full Senate failed.
Ohio (2023-2024 Regular Session)
HB529 Enact Atmosphere Protection Act Died in committee
Ohio's 2024 Atmosphere Protection Act takes an unusual regulatory approach by directing the Ohio EPA to establish public monitoring and reporting systems for solar radiation modification, essentially crowdsourcing detection before issuing cease-and-desist orders. The bill carries harsh penalties but notably limits its scope to SRM only, without addressing cloud seeding. Last update
Tue 21 May 2024
  Note: Remained in Energy and Natural Resources committee
Pennsylvania (2023-2024 Regular Session)
SB1264 Prohibiting solar radiation modification, cloud seeding and polluting atmospheric activity within this Commonwealth; imposing duties on the Pennsylvania State Police and sheriffs; and imposing penalties. Died in committee
Pennsylvania's Clean Air Preservation Act creates a sweeping felony prohibition on atmospheric interventions with comprehensive definitions covering everything from cloud seeding to electromagnetic fields and artificial intelligence, empowering sheriffs and State Police to issue binding cease-and-desist orders against any entity, including federal agencies, with minimum penalties of $500,000 and two years imprisonment per day of violation. Last update
Thu 20 Jun 2024
  Note: Remained in Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee
Rhode Island (2024 Regular Session)
H7295 Establishes regulations to prohibit stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), solar radiation modification (SRM) experimentation, and other hazardous weather engineering activities. Held for further study
Last update
Tue 6 Feb 2024
S2540 Establishes regulations to prohibit stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), solar radiation modification (SRM) experimentation, and other hazardous weather engineering activities. Held for further study
Last update
Wed 20 Mar 2024
South Dakota (2024 Regular Session)
SB215 Prohibit the intentional release of polluting emissions into the atmosphere by cloud seeding, weather modification, excessive electromagnetic radio frequency and microwave radiation and providing enforcement and penalties for violations. Died in chamber
South Dakota's 2024 geoengineering bill would have deputised county sheriffs as atmospheric enforcement agents with authority to ground aircraft, invoke the National Guard, and issue cease-and-desist orders against federal operations—while establishing two-hour emergency response requirements for citizen reports of excessive electromagnetic radiation. Last update
Thu 8 Feb 2024
Tennessee (2023-2024 Regular Session)
HB2063 AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 4; Title 5; Title 6; Title 7; Title 8; Title 39; Title 42; Title 43; Title 44; Title 55; Title 58; Title 59; Title 60; Title 65; Title 68 and Title 69, relative to environmental protection. 1 Jul 2024 Substituted by SB2691
Tennessee transformed a technical caption bill about permit timelines into a comprehensive atmospheric intervention ban through floor amendment, with enforcement tied to existing air quality violations rather than creating new criminal statutes. Last update
Wed 17 Apr 2024
  Note: Substituted by SB2691.
SB2691 AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 4; Title 5; Title 6; Title 7; Title 8; Title 39; Title 42; Title 43; Title 44; Title 55; Title 58; Title 59; Title 60; Title 65; Title 68 and Title 69, relative to environmental protection. 1 Jul 2024 Passed
Tennessee's geoengineering ban includes legislative findings asserting that federal atmospheric experiments may occur in the state, while its own fiscal analysis assumes no such activities are happening or will occur, creating an unusual disconnect between the stated justification and the projected impact. Last update
Wed 17 Apr 2024
  Note: Tennessee SB2691 passed both chambers and became Public Chapter 709 effective July 1, 2024.