Geoengineering Bills by Year
| Bill # | Details | Effective | Status | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Alabama (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB248 | Atmosphere; dispersion of items intended to affect weather, prohibited | Sine die | ||
| Alabama HB248 offers a bare-bones prohibition on weather modification activities, with no enforcement mechanism, penalties, or exemptions—making it more of a policy statement than an enforceable law. |
Last update Tue 11 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned on 14th May 2025, bill remained in Economic Development and Tourism committee | ||||
|
Arizona (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB2056 | Geoengineering; prohibition | Expired in House | ||
| Arizona HB 2056 repeals the state's existing weather modification regulatory system and replaces it with an absolute geoengineering ban enforced through a citizen-reporting network, mandatory 2-hour emergency investigations, Class 4 felony charges, and minimum $500,000-per-day civil penalties—the most aggressive enforcement regime among current state weather modification legislation. |
Last update Tue 28 Jan 2025 |
|||
| Note: Remained in House Natural Resources, Energy & Water and Rules committees. | ||||
| SB1432 | Prohibition; geoengineering | Expired in House | ||
| Arizona SB 1432 prohibits solar radiation management activities while explicitly preserving the state's traditional weather modification regulatory system. This minimalist approach establishes a ban without any enforcement mechanisms, penalties, or investigative authority, making it essentially unenforceable. |
Last update Tue 18 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Passed by Senate but stuck in House Natural Resources, Energy & Water and Rules committees. | ||||
|
Connecticut (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SB00417 | An Act Concerning Permit Requirements For Cloud Seeding Activities In The State. | Sine die | ||
| Connecticut proposes regulating rather than banning weather modification, directing DEEP to create a permit system with environmental impact assessments - a notably moderate approach compared to the prohibition bills dominating other state legislatures in 2025. |
Last update Fri 10 Jan 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session ended on 4th June 2025, remained in Joint Committee on Environment | ||||
| SB00067 | An Act Requiring The Disclosure Of Chemicals Disbursed In The Air By The Federal Government And Weather Engineering Activities. | Sine die | ||
| Connecticut's one-paragraph concept bill asks the state environmental agency to post federal atmospheric chemical releases online, but provides no mechanism for actually obtaining that information from federal sources. |
Last update Wed 8 Jan 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session ended on 4th June 2025, remained in Joint Committee on Environment | ||||
|
Florida (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| S0056 | Geoengineering and Weather Modification Activities | 1 Jul 2025 | Passed | |
| Florida becomes the second state, after Tennessee, to ban weather modification, but goes substantially further by creating a mandatory airport surveillance network, establishing felony-level penalties with fines up to $100,000, and completely dismantling its 68-year-old weather modification licensing program rather than simply prohibiting new activities under it. |
Last update Mon 23 Jun 2025 |
|||
| Note: Now codified as Chapter 2025-157, Laws of Florida | ||||
| H0477 | Geoengineering and Weather Modification Activities | Laid on table | ||
| Florida becomes the second state after Tennessee to ban weather modification, but goes further by creating a public airport surveillance network requiring monthly reports on aircraft "equipped with" potential dispersal components, and by dismantling its 68-year-old weather modification licensing program entirely rather than simply prohibiting new activities. |
Last update Wed 30 Apr 2025 |
|||
| Note: This bill was shelved to clear the way for the enrolled bill SB56 | ||||
|
Georgia (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HR513 | Congress; investigate dispersion of chemicals into the sky by aircraft; encourage | N/A | Introduced | |
| Rather than prohibiting geoengineering activities directly, Georgia takes a diplomatic approach by requesting a federal congressional investigation into chemical dispersion impacts on state environmental quality. |
Last update Tue 11 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Status: Prefiled during 2025 session, awaiting committee assignment | ||||
|
Idaho (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| S1064 | Amends and adds to existing law to revise provisions regarding cloud seeding. | Sine die | ||
| Rather than banning cloud seeding, Idaho takes a "trust but verify" approach—requiring detailed public reporting on operations, environmental impacts, and effectiveness while subtly downgrading the legislature's prior endorsement from certainty ("cloud seeding has resulted in water increases") to scepticism ("may result"). |
Last update Thu 20 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned on 4th April 2025, remained in Resources & Conservation committee | ||||
| S1065 | Amends, repeals, and adds to existing law to prohibit unauthorized weather modification activities and to provide penalties, enforcement, and exceptions. | Sine die | ||
| Idaho takes a "state monopoly" approach to weather modification. Rather than banning all cloud seeding, this bill criminalises unauthorised activities while explicitly preserving the Idaho Water Resource Board's existing cloud seeding program. The SRM prohibition is absolute with no exemptions. |
Last update Fri 7 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned on 4th April 2025, remained in Resources & Conservation committee | ||||
| S1167 | Repeals existing law to remove provisions regarding weather modification. | 1 Jul 2025 | Passed | |
| Idaho is cleaning house by repealing a dormant 1970s-era weather modification district law that was used by only one district and has sat unused for roughly 50 years. Unlike other states that have passed new geoengineering prohibitions, this is legislative housekeeping rather than a policy statement against weather modification. |
Last update Tue 1 Apr 2025 |
|||
| Note: As of 1 July 2025, Idaho will scrap the old rule that allowed counties to set up special “weather-modification districts.” Those districts—small local bodies that could tax residents to fund cloud-seeding or other weather-control projects—will be dissolved. | ||||
|
Illinois (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SB1426 | WEATHER MODIFICATION-SEEDING | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Illinois opts for the most straightforward possible approach to weather modification regulation: a complete prohibition with no accompanying enforcement provisions, penalties, or an administrative framework. |
Last update Thu 13 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in the Assignments committee since Jan 2025 | ||||
|
Indiana (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB1335 | Weather control. | Sine die | ||
| HB 1335 represents the lighter-touch version of Indiana's weather control legislation, imposing only misdemeanour penalties with no felony escalation, making it the less aggressive of two nearly identical bills moving through the General Assembly simultaneously. |
Last update Mon 13 Jan 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned 24th April 2025, remained in Committee on Environmental Affairs | ||||
| SB0364 | Weather and the environment. | Sine die | ||
| Indiana's SB 364 takes an unusually aggressive enforcement approach by imposing potentially decades-long felony sentences for atmospheric discharges that cause harm, while paradoxically providing no regulatory framework for detecting or investigating the prohibited conduct. |
Last update Thu 30 Jan 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned 24th April 2025, remained in Committee on Corrections and Criminal Law | ||||
|
Iowa (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SF142 | A bill for an act relating to the prohibition of geoengineering activities, providing penalties, and including effective date provisions. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Iowa's approach combines expansive definitions covering electromagnetic fields, sound pollution, and radiation with Class D felony penalties, cease-and-desist authority for the Department of Public Safety, and provisions explicitly challenging federal authority by empowering state officials to order the cessation of federal programs. |
Last update Mon 3 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in the Judiciary subcommittee since Feb 2025 | ||||
| HF191 | A bill for an act relating to the intentional emission of air contaminants into the atmosphere.(See HF 927.) | Superseded | ||
| Iowa's geoengineering bill takes a minimalist statutory approach, establishing a bare prohibition while delegating the entire enforcement framework—including penalties—to the Environmental Protection Commission through administrative rulemaking. |
Last update Wed 12 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Iowa renumbers bills during the legislative process. New bill numbers are assigned as the measure progresses. | ||||
| HF927 | A bill for an act relating to the intentional emission of air contaminants into the atmosphere.(Formerly HF 191.) | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Iowa establishes a geoengineering prohibition through a regulatory framework rather than direct criminal penalties, delegating implementation details entirely to the Environmental Protection Commission's emergency rulemaking authority. |
Last update Thu 3 Apr 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in the Environmental Protection committee since Apr 2025 | ||||
| SSB3010 | A bill for an act relating to the prohibition of geoengineering activities, providing penalties, and including effective date provisions. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Iowa's SSB 3010 proposes felony penalties for weather modification activities, with the Department of Public Safety empowered to issue cease-and-desist orders carrying court-enforceable authority. The bill's unusually broad definition of prohibited activities extends beyond typical geoengineering bans to include electromagnetic fields, sound waves, and light pollution when conducted with the intent to alter weather. |
Last update Tue 13 Jan 2026 |
|||
| Status: Technology Committee - waiting on subcommittee | ||||
|
Kansas (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB2439 | Enacting the Kansas geoengineering and weather modification prohibition act, prohibiting geoengieering and weather modification activities, providing criminal penalties for violations of the act and assigning enforcement and reporting authority to the department of health and environment. | June-July | Introduced | |
| Kansas HB 2439 would impose felony charges and fines up to $100,000 for geoengineering activities while creating a unique airport surveillance network, requiring all public-use airports to file monthly reports on aircraft equipped with potential weather-modification equipment or risk losing state funding. |
Last update Wed 14 Jan 2026 |
|||
| Status: Awaiting committee assignment | ||||
|
Kentucky (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB22 | AN ACT relating to geoengineering. | Sine die | ||
| Kentucky's fourth attempt at geoengineering legislation strips away the elaborate administrative framework of the 2024 bills in favour of a straightforward criminal statute empowering any peace officer to make arrests, while retaining the same $500,000-per-day civil penalty that has characterised Kentucky's aggressive approach to this issue. |
Last update Tue 4 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned 28th March 2025, remained in Judiciary Committee | ||||
| SB62 | AN ACT relating to geoengineering. | Sine die | ||
| Kentucky's 2025 geoengineering push features identical companion bills in both chambers, with SB 62's unusual routing to the Appropriations and Revenue Committee rather than Judiciary suggesting the Senate may be focusing on the bill's $500,000 civil penalty structure rather than its criminal provisions. |
Last update Fri 10 Jan 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned 28th March 2025, remained in Appropriations & Revenue committee | ||||
|
Louisiana (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB608 | Creates the Louisiana Atmospheric Protection Act (EG NO IMPACT See Note) | Failed in House | ||
| Louisiana's more aggressive geoengineering bill combined atmospheric prohibitions with telecommunications infrastructure mandates and electromagnetic radiation limits, but failed on the House floor 21-72 after the legislature had already enacted the simpler SB 46. |
Last update Mon 2 Jun 2025 |
|||
| Note: Failed on 3rd reading in House: yeas 21, nays 72 | ||||
| SB46 | To prohibit the intentional release, or dispersion of chemicals into the environment of this state with the express purpose of affecting temperature. (8/1/25) | 1 Aug 2025 | Passed | |
| Louisiana becomes the latest state to enact a geoengineering prohibition, but uniquely accomplishes this by simultaneously repealing its existing weather modification licensing framework, effectively transitioning from regulated permission to outright ban. |
Last update Sun 8 Jun 2025 |
|||
| Note: Enacted as Act No. 95 of the 2025 Regular Session. | ||||
| SCR67 | To memorialize Congress to investigate geoengineering in Louisiana. | Passed | ||
| Louisiana's legislature unanimously memorialises Congress to investigate geoengineering activities over the state, with the resolution's preamble explicitly referencing atmospheric trails "distinct from ordinary contrails" as a matter of public concern. |
Last update Thu 12 Jun 2025 |
|||
| Note: Adopted by both chambers; transmitted to Congress. | ||||
|
Maine (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| LD825 | An Act to Prohibit Geoengineering, Including the Use of Cloud Seeding, Weather Modification, Excessive Radio Waves and Microwave Radiation | Defeated (ONTP adopted) | ||
| This broader Maine geoengineering bill attempted to regulate electromagnetic emissions down to the milligauss level and would have required the state to formally notify the federal government that it was banned from atmospheric activities over Maine. With $500,000 daily fines and felony penalties, it represented one of the more aggressive enforcement approaches seen in 2025 geoengineering legislation. |
Last update Wed 14 May 2025 |
|||
| Note: Committee majority vote - Ought Not To Pass | ||||
| LD499 | An Act to Prohibit Geoengineering | Defeated (ONTP adopted) | ||
| Maine's geoengineering prohibition attempted to criminalise not just practitioners but also funders and authorizers of atmospheric intervention activities. The bill died in April 2025 after a divided committee vote and a floor rejection, despite receiving a fiscal note approving funding for a dedicated enforcement position. |
Last update Wed 30 Apr 2025 |
|||
| Note: Commitee majority vote - Ought Not To Pass | ||||
|
Michigan (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB4304 | Environmental protection: air pollution; dispersion of substances or objects into atmosphere; prohibit for purposes of affecting weather. Amends 1994 PA 451 (MCL 324.101 - 324.90106) by adding sec. 5514b. | 31 Mar 2027 | Introduced | |
| Michigan opts for statutory simplicity by adding a single-sentence prohibition to existing environmental law with no specified penalties, enforcement mechanisms, or implementation framework. |
Last update Thu 27 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in Committee On Regulatory Reform since Mar 2025 | ||||
|
Minnesota (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SF2462 | Prior law prohibiting weather modification reenactment | 1 Aug 2026 | Introduced | |
| Minnesota's SF 2462 prohibits all weather modification activities and asserts the state's sovereign claim over its airspace, treating each day of violation as a separate misdemeanour offence. Notably described as "reenacting prior law," this suggests Minnesota is reviving a previously repealed or expired weather modification ban. |
Last update Thu 13 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in Environment, Climate, and Legacy since Mar 2025 | ||||
| HF2310 | Prior law prohibiting weather modification reenacted, and criminal penalties provided. | 1 Aug 2026 | Introduced | |
| Minnesota’s HF 2310 prohibits all weather modification activities and asserts the state’s sovereign claim over its airspace, treating each day of violation as a separate misdemeanor offense. Notably described as “reenacting prior law,” this suggests Minnesota is reviving a previously repealed or expired weather modification ban. |
Last update Thu 13 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in Env. and Nat.Resources Finance and Policy committee since Mar 2025 | ||||
|
Mississippi (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SB2005 | Mississippi geoengineering ban; enact. | Died In Committee | ||
| Mississippi Senate Bill 2005 bans all geoengineering activities in the state with felony penalties including minimum $500,000 fines and two years imprisonment, authorizing the Mississippi Commission on Environmental Quality to enact regulations and issue orders to enforce the prohibition. |
Last update Tue 4 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Note: Remained in Environmental Protection, Conservation, and Water Resources Committee | ||||
| SB2013 | Environmental protection; prohibit chemtrails. | Died In Committee | ||
| Mississippi Senate Bill 2013 bans all geoengineering activities in the state with felony penalties including minimum $500,000 fines and two years imprisonment, authorizing the Mississippi Commission on Environmental Quality to enact regulations and issue orders to enforce the prohibition. |
Last update Tue 4 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Note: 4th February was the deadline for the Environment Prot, Cons and Water Res committee report | ||||
| HB788 | Air quality; prohibit injection of chemicals into atmosphere with purpose of affecting the weather. | Died In Committee | ||
| Mississippi House Bill 788 prohibits the intentional injection, release, or dispersion of chemicals into the atmosphere for the purpose of affecting temperature, weather, or sunlight intensity, integrating this ban into the state’s existing air pollution control framework administered by the Mississippi Commission on Environmental Quality and Permit Board. |
Last update Tue 4 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Note: Died in Conservation and Water Resources committee | ||||
|
Missouri (2025 1st Special Session)
|
||||
| SB15 | Prohibits any form of environmental manipulation | Sine die | ||
| Senator Moon strips the environmental manipulation ban from his repeatedly-failed "Freedom to Farm Act" and reintroduces it as a standalone two-page bill during a special session - identical definitional language, identical civil-only enforcement, but without the agricultural deregulation baggage that may have doomed previous attempts. |
Last update Mon 2 Jun 2025 |
|||
| Note: Special session adjourned on Wednesday, June 11, 2025. | ||||
|
Missouri (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB78 | Grants the air conservation commission the authority to create standards and guidelines | Sine die | ||
| A minimalist atmospheric modification ban that prohibits intentional weather and climate intervention but punts all enforcement details to the Air Conservation Commission through rulemaking - a sharp contrast to Missouri's sprawling "Freedom to Farm Act" attempts that bundle weather modification bans with agricultural deregulation. |
Last update Thu 15 May 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned 15th May 2025, remained in Emerging Issues committee | ||||
| SB297 | Establishes the Freedom to Farm Act and modifies provisions relating to the Governor's emergency powers and agricultural operations as nuisances | Sine die | ||
| Senator Moon's third consecutive attempt at the "Freedom to Farm Act," now entering the 103rd General Assembly with only a date change from its two failed predecessors. The persistent reintroduction suggests either strong constituent interest or the sponsor's personal commitment, but the lack of any substantive amendments after two committee deaths raises questions about prospects for breakthrough. |
Last update Thu 13 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned 15th May 2025, remained in Agriculture, Food Production and Outdoor Resources Committee | ||||
|
Montana (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SB473 | Prohibit weather modification. | House Not Concurred | ||
| Montana Senate Bill 473 passed the Senate in March 2025. Still, it died in the House, prohibiting large-scale geoengineering practices such as stratospheric aerosol injection and solar radiation management, while explicitly protecting cloud seeding for agriculture and water management. |
Last update Fri 23 May 2025 |
|||
| Note: Survived Senate drama; died on House floor | ||||
|
Nevada (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SB6 | Makes an appropriation to the Desert Research Institute of the Nevada System of Higher Education to support the Nevada State Cloud Seeding Program. (BDR S-389) | Passed | ||
| Nevada's 2025 cloud seeding appropriation demonstrates the stark policy divide among western states—while neighbouring states debate geoengineering bans, Nevada continues funding weather modification as routine water infrastructure, unanimously passing its third consecutive biennial appropriation for the program. |
Last update Mon 9 Jun 2025 |
|||
|
New Hampshire (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB764 | Prohibiting the intentional release of polluting emissions, including cloud seeding, weather modification, excessive electromagnetic radio frequency, and microwave radiation and making penalties for violation of such prohibition. | Laid on table | ||
| This geoengineering prohibition bill received an overwhelming 17-1 negative committee recommendation but was rescued by the full House through a procedural table motion, leaving it in legislative limbo. The bill's Tenth Amendment rationale and requirement that New Hampshire formally notify 25 federal agencies - including nuclear regulators - of its new atmospheric restrictions reflects an assertive states' rights posture rarely seen in environmental legislation. |
Last update Thu 13 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Session adjourned 30th June 2025, currently laid on the table in House. | ||||
|
New Jersey (2024-2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| S4161 | Prohibits release of certain substances into atmosphere for purposes of geoengineering. | Sine die | ||
| New Jersey's S4161 takes the regulatory rather than criminal approach to geoengineering prohibition, imposing escalating civil fines up to $50,000 per day while requiring DEP to establish a citizen monitoring program, but limiting the ban only to substances deemed "hazardous." |
Last update Tue 25 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Note: Remained in Environment and Energy Committee | ||||
|
New York (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| A05476 | Prohibits the intentional injection, release or dispersion, by any means, of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances or apparatus within the borders of this state into the atmosphere with the express purpose of affecting temperature, weather or the intensity of sunlight. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| New York's A.5476 takes a minimalist approach to geoengineering prohibition, establishing a ban on intentional atmospheric releases designed to affect temperature, weather, or sunlight intensity but providing no enforcement mechanism whatsoever—not even a penalty structure for violations. |
Last update Wed 7 Jan 2026 |
|||
| Status: Held in Environmental Conservation Committee since Feb 2025 | ||||
| S08529 | Prohibits the intentional injection, release or dispersion, by any means, of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances or apparatus within the borders of this state into the atmosphere with the express purpose of affecting temperature, weather or the intensity of sunlight; provides the department will establish a reporting process for violations; provides penalties for such violations. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| New York's S.8529-A goes far beyond simple prohibition by establishing a dual surveillance system requiring mandatory monthly aircraft monitoring by all public infrastructure operators and a citizen reporting portal, backed by class E felony charges that expose corporate officers to up to 5 years' imprisonment. |
Last update Wed 7 Jan 2026 |
|||
| Status: Referred to the Environmental Conservation committee, awaiting a scheduled meeting | ||||
|
North Carolina (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| H362 | Clean Skies Geoengineering Ban | Failed crossover | ||
| North Carolina's H 362 prohibits atmospheric modification using language nearly identical to companion bill S 485, but with a critical difference: the House version uses "intentional or sole purpose" rather than "intentional and sole purpose," creating a broader prohibition that could capture activities where atmospheric modification is one of multiple objectives rather than requiring it to be the exclusive aim. |
Last update Wed 12 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Failed to hit crossover deadline | ||||
| S485 | Prohibit Geoengineering | Failed crossover | ||
| North Carolina's S 485 prohibits atmospheric modification, including stratospheric aerosol injection, cloud seeding, and electromagnetic radio frequency emissions, by amending the state's Air Pollution Control statute, while notably carving out licensed agricultural pesticide application and delegating rule development for enforcement to the Environmental Management Commission without specifying dedicated penalties. |
Last update Wed 26 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Failed to hit crossover deadline | ||||
|
North Dakota (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SB2106 | Weather modification; and to provide a penalty. | Failed House – Second Reading | ||
| North Dakota Senate Bill 2106 failed in the Senate in 2025, proposing to ban all weather modification, including cloud seeding, as a Class B misdemeanour while repealing the state's entire county-based weather modification regulatory framework. |
Last update Fri 7 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Note: The bill was defeated on the floor after a committee "do pass" recommendation. | ||||
| HB1514 | Harmful atmospheric activity; and to provide a penalty. | Failed House – Second Reading | ||
| North Dakota House Bill 1514 failed in the House in 2025, proposing to ban cloud seeding, weather engineering, and stratospheric aerosol injection as Class C felonies with $500000 fines, while establishing a citizen complaint system requiring sheriffs to investigate suspected atmospheric activities within 2 hours. |
Last update Mon 24 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Note: The bill was defeated on the floor after a negative committee recommendation. | ||||
|
Ohio (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB290 | Enact the Atmosphere Protection Act | 90 days | Introduced | |
| Ohio's "Atmosphere Protection Act" imposes some of the harshest penalties in state weather modification legislation—a mandatory 3-year prison term and a minimum $500,000 fine under strict liability, meaning prosecutors need not prove intent. The Legislative Service Commission's own analysis notes uncertainty about what the undefined term "sunlight reflection methods" actually prohibits. |
Last update Wed 21 May 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in Natural Resources since May 2025 | ||||
| HB272 | Regards food dyes, PFAS, fluoride, and certain substance releases | 90 days | Introduced | |
| Ohio's HB 272 buries a straightforward prohibition on weather modification within an omnibus consumer protection bill covering PFAS chemicals, food dyes, and water fluoridation. The atmospheric release provision is notably modest compared to Ohio's other pending weather modification bill (HB 290), imposing misdemeanour penalties rather than felony charges, suggesting different legislative philosophies on enforcement severity even within the same chamber. |
Last update Wed 14 May 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in General Government since May 2025; unlikely to proceed | ||||
|
Oklahoma (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SB430 | Environment; prohibiting intentional injection, release, or dispersion of chemicals, chemical compounds, substances, or apparatus in this state; repealing the Oklahoma Weather Modification Act. Effective date. | 1 Nov 2025 | Carried fwd | |
| SB 430 is the simpler sibling to Oklahoma's SB 1021, which bans weather modification with a $10,000 misdemeanour fine but lacks the Air National Guard fighter jet provisions. Interestingly, Senator Jett (author of SB 1021) is a coauthor on this bill, suggesting the two may be legislative alternatives rather than competing approaches. |
Last update Mon 10 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Carried forward to 2026 - New Legiscan record created | ||||
| SB1021 | Environment and natural resources; prohibiting certain actions relating to weather modification; providing for investigation. Effective date. | 1 Nov 2025 | Carried fwd | |
| Oklahoma's SB 1021 authorises the Air National Guard to intercept aircraft suspected of weather modification and escort them to airports for investigation, but the bill contains no penalties for violators. This represents one of the more aggressive enforcement mechanisms proposed in any state, yet it is toothless due to the absence of any actual sanctions. |
Last update Mon 10 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Carried forward to 2026 - New Legiscan record created | ||||
|
Pennsylvania (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SB508 | Prohibiting solar radiation modification or sunlight reflection methods, cloud seeding and polluting atmospheric interventions within this Commonwealth; imposing duties on the Pennsylvania State Police and sheriffs; and imposing penalties. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Pennsylvania's Clean Air Preservation Act creates a sweeping felony prohibition on atmospheric interventions, including solar geoengineering experiments like stratospheric aerosol injection and marine cloud brightening, with the unique feature of listing artificial intelligence as a criminal entity subject to minimum penalties of $500,000 and two years imprisonment per day of violation, enforceable by sheriffs and State Police against any entit,y including federal agencies. |
Last update Fri 21 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in the Agriculture & Rural Affairs committee since Mar 2025 | ||||
| HB1167 | Prohibiting solar radiation modification or sunlight reflection methods, cloud seeding and polluting atmospheric interventions within this Commonwealth; imposing duties on the Pennsylvania State Police and sheriffs; and imposing penalties. | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Pennsylvania's Clean Air Preservation Act creates a sweeping felony prohibition on atmospheric interventions, including solar geoengineering experiments like stratospheric aerosol injection and marine cloud brightening, with the unique feature of listing artificial intelligence as a criminal entity subject to minimum penalties of $500,000 and two years imprisonment per day of violation, enforceable by sheriffs and State Police against any entity including federal agencies. |
Last update Mon 7 Apr 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in the Environmental & Natural Resource Protection committee since Apr 2025 | ||||
|
Rhode Island (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| H5217 | Establishes the Rhode Island Clean Air Preservation Act that establishes a regulatory process to prohibit polluting atmospheric experimentation. | Sine die | ||
|
Last update Thu 6 Feb 2025 |
||||
| Note: Session adjourned 30th June 2025, House Environment and Natural Resources committee recommended measure be held for further study | ||||
| S0405 | Establishes the Rhode Island Clean Air Preservation Act that establishes a regulatory process to prohibit polluting atmospheric experimentation. | Sine die | ||
|
Last update Wed 26 Feb 2025 |
||||
| Note: Session adjourned 30th June 2025, remained in Environment and Agriculture committee | ||||
|
South Carolina (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| S0110 | Air Quality | Immediately | Introduced | |
| South Carolina's S. 110 is the Senate companion to the minimalist House approach, creating a bare-bones weather modification prohibition without penalties or exemptions—but its referral to the Medical Affairs Committee rather than environmental or agriculture committees signals a unique legislative focus on public health impacts. |
Last update Tue 14 Jan 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in the Committee on Medical Affairs since Jan 2025 | ||||
| H3083 | Air Quality | Immediately | Introduced | |
| South Carolina's H. 3083 takes a minimalist approach to weather modification prohibition, adding a simple ban on intentional atmospheric emissions for climate purposes without specifying penalties, enforcement mechanisms, or exemptions—leaving implementation entirely to existing air quality regulations. |
Last update Tue 14 Jan 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in Committee on Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs since Jan 2025 | ||||
| H3915 | South Carolina Clean Air Act | Immediately | Introduced | |
| South Carolina's H. 3915 establishes a mid-tier enforcement approach to weather modification, combining federal-level felony penalties with whistleblower protections for citizens suing the government, while notably omitting the more aggressive airport employee prosecution and bounty provisions found in companion bill H. 4624. |
Last update Tue 25 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in Committee on Judiciary since Feb 2025 | ||||
| H4010 | South Carolina Clean Air Act | Immediately | Introduced | |
| South Carolina's H. 4010 represents the most agriculture-friendly version of the state's weather modification bills, explicitly exempting both cloud seeding and crop dusting operations while notably omitting any criminal penalties or enforcement mechanisms for violations—essentially creating a prohibition without teeth. |
Last update Thu 13 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in Committee on Judiciary since Feb 2025 | ||||
| H4624 | South Carolina Clean Air Act | Immediately | Introduced | |
| South Carolina's bill establishes the nation's most aggressive enforcement regime against weather modification activities, featuring life imprisonment for third-time offenders and an unprecedented private citizen lawsuit provision that awards damages without requiring proof of harm—creating a de facto bounty system against stratospheric aerosol injection operations. |
Last update Tue 13 Jan 2026 |
|||
| Status: Referred to Committee on Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environmental Affairs | ||||
|
Tennessee (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SB1033 | AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 58, Chapter 2 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. | Failed in Committee | ||
| Tennessee's HB 1112 creates one of the more aggressive enforcement frameworks among state weather modification bills, combining criminal misdemeanour charges with a substantial $100,000-per-violation administrative fine and extending liability up the supply chain to anyone providing materials with knowledge of their intended use. The bill has already passed the House 69-21 and crossed over to the Senate. |
Last update Wed 26 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Failed in Senate Energy, Ag., and Nat. Resources Committee: Ayes 4 Noes 5 | ||||
| HB1112 | AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 58, Chapter 2 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. | 1 Jul 2025 | Engrossed | |
| Tennessee's HB 1112 creates one of the more aggressive enforcement frameworks among state weather modification bills, combining criminal misdemeanour charges with a substantial $100,000-per-violation administrative fine and extending liability up the supply chain to anyone providing materials with knowledge of their intended use. The bill has already passed the House 69-21 and crossed over to the Senate. |
Last update Wed 26 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Status: Passed by House, in Senate awaiting committee assignment | ||||
| SB0723 | AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47, Chapter 18 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. | 1 Jul 2025 | Introduced | |
| Tennessee's bill takes an unusual enforcement approach by routing weather modification violations through consumer protection law rather than creating direct criminal prohibitions, treating cloud seeding as essentially a form of commercial fraud. The narrow application only to "weather-related companies" makes a significant gap—the same activities would remain legal if conducted by entities outside this defined category. |
Last update Fri 7 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in General Subcommittee of Senate Commerce & Labor since Mar 2025 | ||||
| HB0899 | AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 47, Chapter 18 and Title 68, Chapter 201, relative to weather modification. | 1 Jul 2025 | Introduced | |
| Tennessee's bill takes an unusual enforcement approach by routing weather modification violations through consumer protection law rather than creating direct criminal prohibitions, treating cloud seeding as essentially a form of commercial fraud. The narrow application only to "weather-related companies" makes a significant gap—the same activities would remain legal if conducted by entities outside this defined category. |
Last update Fri 14 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in Agriculture & Natural Resources Subcommittee since Feb 2025 | ||||
|
Texas (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB1382 | Relating to a prohibition on weather modification and control; creating a criminal offense. | Sine die | ||
| Texas would transform from a state that licenses and regulates weather modification to one that criminalises it entirely—repealing decades-old cloud seeding statutes while requiring the licensing agency to refund fees to permit holders whose operations would become illegal overnight. |
Last update Tue 22 Apr 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned 2 June 2025, remained in Licensing & Administrative Procedures committee | ||||
| SB1154 | Relating to a prohibition on weather and climate modification activities by a governmental entity. | Sine die | ||
| Texas's third weather modification bill of 2025 takes a middle path—neither banning the practice entirely nor merely strengthening oversight, but instead creating a public-private divide in which governments are prohibited from atmospheric intervention while private, licensed operators may continue. |
Last update Wed 2 Apr 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned 2 June 2025, remained in Natural Resources committee | ||||
| HB3740 | Relating to chemicals and techniques used in weather modification and control. | Sine die | ||
| While one Texas bill would criminalise weather modification entirely, this companion measure takes the opposite regulatory approach—preserving the existing program but requiring state pre-approval of chemicals and techniques with mandatory exclusion of any substance known to harm human health. |
Last update Wed 26 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: 2025 session adjourned 2 June 2025, remained in Licensing & Administrative Procedures committee | ||||
|
US Congress (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB4403 | Clear Skies Act | Introduced | ||
| The federal "Clear Skies Act" (H.R. 4403) bans all weather modification activities nationwide with criminal penalties up to 5 years imprisonment and $100,000 fines per violation, while repealing all existing federal authorities that permit such activities and establishing a public EPA reporting system for suspected violations. |
Last update Tue 15 Jul 2025 |
|||
| HB6941 | To direct the Secretary of Energy to conduct a study to identify the effects of covered geoengineering projects on the health of humans and the environment, and for other purposes. | Introduced | ||
| Awaiting bill text |
Last update Tue 6 Jan 2026 |
|||
|
Utah (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SB0126 | Airborne Chemicals Amendments | Enacting Clause Struck | ||
| Utah's failed geoengineering bill carved out explicit protection for traditional cloud seeding while targeting solar radiation management activities, establishing felony penalties but offering no enforcement mechanism beyond criminal prosecution and relying entirely on citizen reports filtered through the Department of Transportation. |
Last update Fri 7 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Enacting clause struck — the bill was pulled to save floor time after leaders saw it had no chance of passing before the session ended. | ||||
|
Vermont (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| H0217 | An act relating to prohibiting geoengineering | Immediately | Introduced | |
| Vermont's H.217 combines a standard geoengineering ban with an unusual RF radiation compliance regime for communications facilities and mandatory citizen deputization by sheriffs for enforcement. The bill explicitly makes artificial intelligence subject to both its prohibitions and criminal penalties. |
Last update Thu 13 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Status: Held in the Committee on Environment since Feb 2025 | ||||
|
Washington (2025-2026 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB2222 | Restricting weather modification activities. | 11 Jun 2026 | Introduced | |
| Washington bill replaces the state's 60-year-old weather modification licensing system with a total ban, creating felony penalties up to $1,000,000 and establishing an airport surveillance program. The bill's text explicitly references "chemtrail events" and includes 5G, 6G, and RF waves among prohibited weather modification methods. |
Last update Mon 12 Jan 2026 |
|||
| Status: Referred to Environment & Energy committee | ||||
|
West Virginia (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| SB699 | Protecting environment and humans from geo-engineering experiments | Presumed dead | ||
| West Virginia's most comprehensive geoengineering bill creates felony liability with minimum $500,000 daily fines, explicitly subjects artificial intelligence to criminal prohibition, requires state officials to report suspected activity within 24 hours, and mandates formal notice to the federal government that its atmospheric activities cannot lawfully occur over the state. |
Last update Wed 5 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Remains in Energy, Industry, and Mining committee | ||||
| HB2758 | Prohibiting geo-engineering | Presumed dead | ||
| West Virginia's geoengineering bill is notable for what it lacks—no penalties, no enforcement mechanism, no exemptions—creating a prohibition statement without legal teeth, while its legislative findings explicitly acknowledge federal geoengineering activities that state law may be unable to reach. |
Last update Fri 21 Feb 2025 |
|||
| Note: Remained in House Energy and Public Works committee - No formal carry over request | ||||
| HB3207 | Prohibition of geoengineering | Resume in 2026 | ||
| West Virginia's second geoengineering prohibition bill of 2025 is a near-verbatim duplicate of the first, filed two weeks later by different sponsors, "By Request"—suggesting constituent-driven introduction of identical legislation through multiple channels to maximise advancement opportunities. |
Last update Thu 6 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Remained in House Energy and Public Works committee - No formal request to carry over | ||||
|
Wyoming (2025 Regular Session)
|
||||
| HB0208 | Atmospheric geoengineering prohibition. | Died in Committee | ||
| Wyoming's geoengineering ban would have ended the state's 13-site cloud seeding program, which brings in $570,000 annually from out-of-state water authorities desperate to boost Colorado River snowpack. The bill died in committee after its fiscal impact on existing water development operations became clear. |
Last update Mon 3 Mar 2025 |
|||
| Note: Minerals committee failed to report before deadline of 7th Feb 2025 | ||||