States Summary
A list of all U.S. states with active geoengineering-related bills in the current legislative session.
| State | Crossover | Adjourn | Rollover | Prospect | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Florida | N/A | 6 Jun 2025 | Near-certain | The House passed CS/CS/SB 56 on 30 Apr 2025 (82-28) without amendment and ordered it enrolled; HB 477 was laid on the table in its favour the same day. Governor DeSantis publicly urged support for the bill in an X (Twitter) video on 2 Apr 2025, and no substantive objections have surfaced since. Only a veto could stop enactment, and a veto is unlikely given the Governor’s recorded endorsement and the wide bipartisan margins. | |
| Louisiana | 9 Jun 2025 | 12 Jun 2025 | Moderately high chance | SB 46 passed the Senate on 28 Apr 2025 (27–12) and has been in the House Natural Resources & Environment Committee since 29 Apr 2025. Florida’s SB 56—an almost identical prohibition—cleared its House 82–28 on 30 Apr 2025 and is now enrolled, giving supporters in Baton Rouge a successful playbook and momentum. Procedurally, SB 46 still needs one committee hearing, House floor passage, and possible concurrence, but the House has six weeks of meeting days to accomplish that. Governor Landry has not commented publicly; however, the measure is framed as an environmental-safety bill rather than a climate mandate, which aligns with his stated priorities. Because leadership can compress readings late in session (as Florida just did), chances improve from moderate to moderately high. Failure to reach the House floor before 12 June would still kill the bill for 2025 and require refiling in 2026. | |
| Michigan | N/A | 31 Dec 2025 | Yes | Low chance overall | HB 4304 is parked in House Regulatory Reform with no hearing since its 26 March referral. Michigan’s biennial rules let it linger through 2026, so it isn’t formally dead—just idle and unlikely to advance unless the committee chair suddenly gives it a hearing. |
| New Jersey | N/A | 31 Dec 2025 | Limited potential to progress | Introduced 25 Feb 2025 and still parked in the Senate Environment & Energy Committee with a single GOP sponsor. Although the 2024-25 biennium runs until late December, New Jersey bills that linger unheard for months rarely gather the momentum needed to clear both chambers. | |
| Pennsylvania | N/A | 31 Dec 2025 | Yes | Limited potential to progress | HB 1167 (referred 7 Apr 2025) and SB 508 (referred 21 Mar 2025) remain in their initial committees with single-party sponsorship. Although Pennsylvania’s two-year session runs through 2026, most bills languishing in committee for months never receive a hearing, so ultimate enactment appears doubtful. |
States Summary
A list of all U.S. states with active geoengineering-related bills held over until next year.
| State | Crossover | Adjourn | Rollover | Prospect | Details |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgia | 6 Mar 2025 | 4 Apr 2025 | Resume 2026 | Limited potential to progress | Introduced after the 2025 crossover deadline (Day 29, 10 Mar) and left idle in House Natural Resources & Environment; though Georgia’s two-year biennium carries bills into 2026, measures that miss crossover seldom advance without high-profile backing, so revival next session appears unlikely. |
| Illinois | 11 Apr 2025 | 31 May 2025 | Resume 2026 | Very unlikely to proceed | The bill missed the Senate third-reading deadline of April 11 and has sat in Senate Assignments since filing on January 31. When revived in 2026, it must clear the committee and repeat the whole process within tighter spring deadlines, a feat seldom achieved by carry-over bills. |
| Iowa | N/A | 9 May 2025 | Resume 2026 | Very low chance | HF 927 and SF 142 missed Iowa’s 4 April “second-funnel” deadline and are now ineligible for floor debate this year. They will carry over to 2026 but must restart the committee gauntlet and meet compressed Year-2 funnels—a hurdle seldom cleared. Even with the recent precedent for late-session rule waivers, Iowa leadership rarely resuscitates controversial policy this way, so the bills’ prospects remain extremely low through the 2025-26 biennium. |
| Maine | N/A | 21 Mar 2025 | Resume 2026 | Very low chance | On 30 Apr 2025 the Senate concurred in the House Ought Not to Pass action on LD 499, placing it in the legislative files and ending that bill for the biennium. The only remaining vehicle is LD 825, which was carried over on 21 Mar 2025 after receiving a divided report in committee. Carry-over measures start 2026 with no further committee work completed, and historically fewer than one in five succeed in Maine’s short second session. With LD 825 lacking demonstrated chamber support and its twin already rejected, ultimate passage next year remains highly improbable. |
| Minnesota | N/A | 19 May 2025 | Resume 2026 | Extremely low chance | Since their introduction in mid-March, HF 2310 and SF 2462 have sat in their initial Environment committees. They missed the April 4 first-deadline for committee passage, so further movement this year would require a rare rules waiver before the May 19 adjournment. Carry-over success in 2026 is similarly uncommon. |
| New Hampshire | 10 Apr 2025 | 30 Jun 2025 | Resume 2026 | Extremely low chance | The House placed HB 764 on the table on 13 March 2025 and defeated a motion to remove it the same day. Because the House missed the 10 April crossover cutoff, members can carry the bill into 2026, but tabled bills rarely re-emerge for passage. |
| New York | N/A | 12 Jun 2025 | Resume 2026 | Very low chance | Still in the Assembly Environmental Conservation Committee since its introduction on 14 February 2025. With the 2025 session set to adjourn on 12 June, there is no remaining procedural path for the bill to pass both chambers this year. While it may carry over into 2026, first-house bills that receive no action by May rarely advance, and similar dormant measures typically expire without further movement. |
| North Carolina | 8 May 2025 | 31 Jul 2025 | Resume 2026 | Very low chance | Both proposals sat in the Rules committees and missed the 8 May 2025 crossover deadline. Because short-session rules rarely let dormant policy bills resurface without a budget or study committee hook, the outlook stays very low. |
| Oklahoma | 27 Mar 2025 | 30 May 2025 | Resume 2026 | Extremely low chance | SB 1021 and SB 430 never advanced past referral to Senate Energy and missed the Mar 27 chamber-of-origin deadline. When revived in 2026, they must restart in committee, and Oklahoma’s carry-over measures rarely gain traction after such an inert first year. |
| Rhode Island | N/A | 30 Jun 2025 | Resume 2026 | Extremely low chance | H 5217 was “held for further study” after its 6 Feb 2025 hearing, and S 0405 has seen no action since referral on 26 Feb 2025. Both missed their April committee deadlines and the 2025 session adjourns on 30 June, closing off any realistic path this year. Under Rhode Island’s two-year biennium the measures will automatically carry into the 2026 portion of the session, but bills stalled at first hearing seldom revive without being re-introduced. |
| South Carolina | N/A | 8 May 2025 | Resume 2026 | Extremely low chance | The session ended on 8 May 2025 with every geo-engineering measure still parked in its original committee, never receiving a hearing. They roll over into 2026, but past cycles show comparable proposals seldom advance, so the outlook remains extremely low. |
| Tennessee | N/A | 22 Apr 2025 | Resume 2026 | Limited potential to progress | HB 1112 cleared the House in March but is still awaiting a Senate committee referral, while HB 899 and SB 723 never advanced past introduction. The legislature recessed on 22 April 2025; when the bills revive in 2026, they must navigate fresh deadlines, and Tennessee carryovers rarely succeed without strong leadership backing. |
| Vermont | 14 Mar 2025 | 9 May 2025 | Resume 2026 | Very unlikely to proceed | H 0217 never left House Environment & Energy and missed the March 14 crossover cut-off. With adjournment set for May 9, 2025, carry-over bills seldom advance in Vermont’s brief 2026 session, so passage is doubtful. |
| West Virginia | 2 Apr 2025 | 12 Apr 2025 | Resume 2026 | Extremely low chance | HB 2758, HB 3207, and SB 699 stalled in their first committees before the 2 April 2025 crossover cut-off, and the session adjourned on 12 April. When they carry over into 2026, they must restart the process, and West Virginia carryovers rarely pass. |